A recent study published in the Zoonoses journal sheds new light on Pasteurella multocida infections in humans. The Gram-negative, penicillin-sensitive coccobacillus is typically found in animals’ respiratory microbiota and can cause severe disease in humans, particularly those with cirrhosis or compromised immune systems. Although P. multocida infections are typically associated with animal bites, this study found two cases where the infection occurred without such a history.
The study identified three notable findings. Firstly, the combination of ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin successfully treated two patients infected with P. multocida. Secondly, the study identified the first case of a septicemic patient infected by P. multocida without any history of animal bites and with a submandibular infection. Thirdly, the study identified an immunocompetent patient who developed septic shock due to systemic P. multocida infection.
Notably, Pasteurella spp. are resistant to benzylpenicillin, and human isolates of beta-lactamase-producing resistant strains of P. multocida have also been documented. The authors advocate for greater awareness of this resistant strain among healthcare professionals and the use of alternative antibiotics.
One limitation of the study is its small sample size, and the authors call for further research to better understand the epidemiology of P. multocida infections in humans. Nevertheless, the study highlights the unpredictable nature of this infection and the need for clinicians to consider P. multocida as a potential pathogen in patients presenting with submandibular abscesses or septicemia, even in the absence of an animal bite history. It also underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to infection management, including early recognition, proper diagnosis, and prompt, effective treatment.
