New Study Reveals Long-Term Cognitive Effects of COVID-19
It has been over four years since the first cases of COVID-19 were identified, and while much is known about the immediate effects of the virus, its long-term impact remains a mystery. However, a new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine has shed light on the cognitive effects of COVID-19, particularly for those suffering from long COVID.
The study found that individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 symptoms experienced a cognitive deficit equivalent to three IQ points compared to those who were never infected. Furthermore, participants with unresolved COVID symptoms lasting 12 weeks or more experienced a loss equivalent to six IQ points. These findings suggest that COVID-19 may have lasting effects on cognition and memory, leading to measurable differences in cognitive performance.
However, the study also provided a glimmer of hope. Participants in the long COVID category who had recovered by the time they took part in the study showed cognitive deficits comparable to those who had recovered quickly. This suggests that cognitive recovery may be possible once the symptoms of long COVID resolve.
The study involved over 140,000 participants who completed a series of online tasks designed to measure cognitive function. The participants were part of a larger cohort of more than 3 million adults who were randomly selected as part of an English study tracking the spread of COVID-19. The study examined symptom duration rather than relying on a specific definition of long COVID.
Interestingly, the study found that individuals infected earlier in the pandemic experienced a greater cognitive effect. Those who were admitted to the intensive care unit had a particularly striking loss, equivalent to around nine IQ points compared to those who had not contracted COVID-19. However, as the pandemic progressed, fewer people required intensive care.
The study also highlighted the association between cognitive deficits and mood swings, fatigue, and other symptoms. Tasks involving memory, reasoning, and planning were among the most sensitive to COVID-19-related cognitive differences. This provides insight into the phenomenon known as “brain fog,” a symptom reported by many long COVID sufferers. The study suggests that brain fog may be linked to difficulties in memory and executive functions.
While the average cognitive deficit observed in the study may seem small, it is important to note that there is substantial variability among individuals. Some may be significantly more affected than others. The clinical implications of a three-point difference in IQ for those who have recovered from COVID-19 are still unknown. However, the study’s authors emphasize that a substantial minority of people may experience more significant deficits that could impact their ability to work and function.
It is important to acknowledge the limitations of the study. The researchers did not have information on participants’ cognitive abilities before they were infected, so they compared their results to those who had not contracted COVID-19. Additionally, there may have been self-selection bias among participants, as those most affected by cognitive impairment may have been unable or unwilling to take part in the assessments.
The findings of this study are concerning and add to the growing body of research on the long-term effects of COVID-19. Long COVID symptoms, including fatigue, memory loss, and chest pain, can have a significant impact on individuals’ daily lives. Understanding the cognitive effects of the virus is crucial for providing appropriate support and care for those affected.
As the pandemic continues to evolve, further research is needed to determine the persistence of cognitive deficits and their impact on work, education, and other activities that rely on intact cognitive abilities. In the meantime, this study serves as a reminder of the importance of taking precautions to prevent COVID-19 and highlights the need for continued support for those living with long COVID.
