1. Overview
go. definition
Disease caused by Hantavirus (Orthohantavirus) infection
Hemorrhagic fever with nephrotic syndrome is caused by several viruses belonging to the Hantavirus genus of the Hantaviridae family, including Hantaan, Seoul, Dobrava, and Pumala. (Puumala) There is a virus.
During the Korean War from 1950 to 1953, more than 3,200 patients with nephrotic syndrome hemorrhagic fever occurred in UN forces, and hundreds of them died, prompting efforts to determine the cause. In 1976, Lee Ho-wang and others discovered an antigen that reacted with the convalescent serum of patients with hemorrhagic fever with nephrotic syndrome in the rat. They confirmed this as the causative virus of hemorrhagic fever with nephrotic syndrome and named it ‘Hantan virus’ after the Hantan River where it was discovered.
Seoul virus (Seoul orthohantavirus) is a type of hantavirus. Infected people may have mild symptoms or no symptoms. Patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome with symptoms have a fatality rate of about 1-2%.
In 1976, epidemic hemorrhagic fever was designated as a type 2 infectious disease, and in 1983, WHO named it hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), and from 2020, it is classified as a class 3 infectious disease.
me. pathogen
Major pathogens include Hantaan orthohantavirus and Seoul orthohantavirus, which belong to the Hantaviridae family.
It is a spherical negative-sounding single-stranded RNA virus with a diameter of 80 to 110 nm. It has a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) structure composed of three central RNA genes and proteins, which include a 5 nm thick lipid bilayer and glycoproteins Gn and Gc. surrounded by
RNA consists of three segments: Large (L), Medium (M), and Small (S).
Inactivated by chloroform, ether, alcohol, phenol, βpropiolactone, etc., acidic solution with pH below 5.0, and heat treatment at 60℃ for 30 minutes.
Hantaan virus mainly causes chronic infection in rodents, and is spread to the respiratory tract through the feces, urine, and saliva of infected rodents, and in rare cases, is believed to be transmitted by vectors.
all. medium
According to research, approximately 70% of hemorrhagic fevers with nephrotic syndrome in Korea are caused by Hantan virus, which is mainly transmitted by Apodemus agrarius in rural areas.
On the other hand, Seoul virus is known to be mainly spread by house mice (Rattus norvegicus), Egyptian rats (Rattus tanezumi), and laboratory rats.
It is vectored by various rodents around the world, with house mice (Rattus norvegicus) and Egyptian rats (Rattus tanezumi) being known to be the main vectors, and some pet and wild rats are also found.
la. route of infection
Transmitted through contact with feces, urine, or saliva of infected rodents.
Rodent feces and urine are introduced as small particles (aerosols) floating in the air due to the use of vacuum cleaners, etc., and contaminated substances can cause infection through the respiratory tract or directly into wounded skin, eyes, nose, or mouth. Yes.
People who work with rodents can become infected by being bitten by an infected animal, but human-to-human transmission has not yet been reported.
