north carolina Governor Roy Cooper’s six-year quest to expand Medicaid culminated in a resounding success, providing healthcare access to hundreds of thousands of low-income residents. The expansion, a key campaign promise during his 2016 gubernatorial bid, finaly became a reality in December 2023, fulfilling Cooper’s vision of a healthier North Carolina.
“When I ran for governor, one of my top priorities was creating a North Carolina where people were healthier and could get the care that they need to have lives of purpose and abundance,” Cooper said in an exclusive interview with NC HealthNews. “We knew that Medicaid expansion was an important way of making that happen becuase there were a lot of hardworking people in North Carolina who were making to much money to qualify for Medicaid, but not enough money to qualify for subsidies under the Affordable Care Act.”
The expansion has already exceeded expectations, with over 590,300 previously ineligible individuals enrolling in the program within its first year.This extraordinary figure nearly surpasses the state’s projected enrollment target for the first two years.
“It’s exciting that we set the goal of having 600,000 people enroll during the first two years, and now we’re almost at that goal in just one year,” Cooper said. “I think it shows that people really needed it, and I’m grateful that we were able to get that for the people of North Carolina.”
However, Cooper’s path to Medicaid expansion was far from smooth. He faced meaningful political hurdles during his two terms in office.
From the outset, Cooper recognized the challenges inherent in expanding Medicaid. The Affordable Care Act, former President Barack Obama’s signature healthcare legislation, allowed states to broaden Medicaid eligibility by raising income thresholds. The federal government offered to cover 90% of the costs for newly eligible beneficiaries, incentivizing states to participate.
However, the politically charged nature of the Affordable Care Act led North Carolina’s Republican-controlled legislature to pass a law in 2013 requiring legislative approval for Medicaid expansion.
Shortly after taking office in 2017, Cooper attempted to circumvent this law by requesting federal approval to implement expansion without legislative consent. This move triggered a lawsuit from Republican leaders,ultimately resulting in a court ruling against Cooper.
“I think the biggest hurdle we faced was that Medicaid expansion was part of ‘Obamacare,’ and that made this an extremely political issue for Republicans,” Cooper said. “We had the challenge of moving Medicaid expansion past the politics of ‘Obamacare,’ and the way we needed to do that was get the constituents of Republican legislators to ask them for it.”
Cooper’s administration focused on highlighting the human impact of the lack of access to healthcare, mobilizing constituents to pressure their Republican representatives.This grassroots effort, combined with shifting political dynamics, ultimately paved the way for the historic expansion in 2023.
North Carolina Governor Roy Cooper faced an uphill battle in his quest to expand Medicaid access in his state. Despite facing strong opposition from Republican lawmakers,Cooper persevered,ultimately achieving a landmark victory in 2023 when North Carolina became the 40th state to approve the expansion.
Cooper’s strategy involved building a broad coalition of supporters, recognizing that bipartisan support was crucial to overcoming the political hurdles. “We had to overcome the political headwinds by building a broad coalition of advocates who could persuasively argue the value of expansion to Republican lawmakers,” Cooper explained.
This coalition included individuals who had been directly impacted by the lack of affordable healthcare.”We had very brave people who had become victims of the medical system, who were working hard for a living but couldn’t afford health insurance and therefore were struggling to pay medical bills, who were willing to go and tell their stories,” Cooper said. He also highlighted the support of “tough-on-crime sheriffs” who recognized the need for healthcare,not incarceration,for many individuals in their jails.
Rural Support
The movement gained momentum as support from rural communities grew. Chambers of commerce, particularly in western North Carolina, recognized the benefits of expansion for small businesses struggling to provide health insurance to their employees. County commissioners in rural areas also saw the potential of Medicaid expansion to save struggling local hospitals.
“Many of these hospitals just simply were treating too many patients who didn’t have health insurance,” Cooper noted. “Local elected officials recognized that Medicaid expansion would allow a lot of the people who live in their county to get health insurance to help keep these rural hospitals from closing.”
By 2023, the groundswell of support for Medicaid expansion proved unachievable to ignore.Legislation making North Carolina the 40th state to approve the measure passed with bipartisan support, driven in part by the promise of over $1.6 billion in federal funding. This paved the way for newly eligible residents to enroll in Medicaid that december, following a protracted budget stalemate among lawmakers.
“we were able to able to get enough pressure on Republican legislators and,to their credit,they ended up putting it in the budget ultimately and we were able to sign it,” Cooper said,reflecting on the signing ceremony in Raleigh. “It was an
North Carolina has officially expanded its Medicaid program, marking a significant victory for healthcare access in the state. The expansion, which was approved by the state legislature and signed into law by Governor Roy Cooper, is expected to provide coverage to hundreds of thousands of uninsured residents.
“This is a truly important day for North Carolina, and this coalition of people all together helped get the job done,” Governor Cooper said, celebrating the achievement.
Political Will
Kody Kinsley, secretary of the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, attributes the success of the expansion to Governor Cooper’s unwavering commitment. “He went out chamber by chamber, business by business, sheriff by sheriff, to get them to see what Medicaid expansion meant for them,” Kinsley explained. “He was building up that coalition of people so that, all of a sudden, it would be hard to find anyone that was against it.”
Kinsley emphasized the Governor’s persistence, stating, “He’s met plenty of other people who, after losing a fight so many times over six years, would have just walked away. He did not, which is why we’re the only state in the Southeast that has gotten this done through the legislature in the way that we did it in a long time.”
North Carolina is the first state to adopt Medicaid expansion through a legislative process since 2019. Other states have expanded Medicaid through executive orders and ballot measures.