Miguel Nicolelis researched exoskeletons that help patients, previously in wheelchairs, to take their first steps. Photo: Bruno Santos/Folhapress
Neuroscientist Miguel Nicolelis said, in an interview for Folha de S. Paulo, this Saturday (08), that “artificial intelligence” is “neither intelligent nor artificial”. The researcher also criticized the Israeli writer Yuval Harari, author of the book “Sapiens”, and the ChatGPT tool.
“From a scientific point of view, I’ve been saying this for years, and now Noam Chomsky uses the same phrase, artificial intelligence is neither intelligent nor artificial. It is not artificial because it is created by us, it is natural. And it’s not smart because intelligence is an emergent property of organisms interacting with the environment and with other organisms. It is a product of the Darwinian process of natural selection. The algorithm can walk and do things, but they are not intelligent by definition”, explains Nicolelis.
The scientist has been working with neural networks for 30 years, the mechanism behind current machine learning algorithms. Reference in interfaces between brain and machine, he worked in the development of neuroprostheses capable of restoring body movements. At the opening of the 2014 World Cup, in Rio de Janeiro, a wheelchair user kicked the ball into the goal with the help of equipment developed by him.
According to Nicolelis, “it is absurd” to claim that language models like ChatGPT are ten times more intelligent than a human being. “In a way, ChatGPT is a great plagiarist, because it takes material made by a bunch of people, mixes it up and generates something that it calls a new product, but in reality it is largely influenced by the intellectual product of thousands and thousands of people. of human beings. For the current, modern capitalist system, artificial intelligence is the great marketing tool, because it generates total inequality in the relationship with the workforce. A boss can say: I have an artificial intelligence application, if the worker does not accept the salary I am willing to pay, which is 10% of what he earns today, I fire him and use the application. There is a whole ideology of replacing human work, which cannot be done 100%, there is no way”, says the researcher.
About the work “Sapiens”, by Yuval Harari, Nicolelis says that the Israeli writer “mixes things from other areas without having deep knowledge”. “In Sapiens, he mixes up references and interprets our results in a way that has absolutely nothing to do with what we did. It’s a job I’ve spent 30 years of my life doing. When he says that in the future we are going to put this thing called brain-brain interface, which was something experimental that I did with rats, I did it with monkeys and we did it with human beings, for rehabilitation. But it’s not that I’m going to exchange my feelings with other people. It’s an exchange of motor commands, things suited to reducing digital logic. He interpreted it as if I was reading someone’s mind, which will never happen. He says: ‘we are going to live to be 200 years old’, ‘we are going to put an end to aging’. All of this is fantasy”, explains Nicolelis.
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2023-07-08 17:50:19
#Artificial #intelligence #intelligent #artificial #Nicolelis
