ROMA – “A way to reform migration policies”: this is the result of the latest work by Study and Research Centre Gonetogether with theInstitute of Political Studies “S. Pius V”, after a rigorous examination of the policies implemented so far by the Italian government on migration over the last quarter of a century.
The critical issues of the system. The analysis of the effectiveness and effects of Italian migration policies starts from the Consolidated Law on immigration (law 246/1998) and goes through convoluted procedures, dysfunctional mechanisms and unrealistic forecasts, applied for over a quarter of a century. These critical issues, in addition to maintaining the living conditions and legal status of many immigrants precarious, also weakens the social, economic and cultural fabric of the country: by precluding them from active participation, it inhibits their potential and compromises their feeling of belonging.
The question of the residence permit. The rigid connection of the residence permit to the work contract, both in the initial issuance and renewal phases, combined with the simultaneous abolition of the entry permit for job seeking, launched by the so-called “Bossi-Fini law” of 2002, has given a great coercive power to employers, generating very serious abuses, and has condemned many work-related residents to lose their title, not being in a position to show an existing contract at the time of renewal of the permit. It is no coincidence that the number of foreigners in conditions of legal irregularity has remained fixed for years at around half a million people.
Hundreds of thousands of illegal immigrants. Only in 2022 the irregulars – second His name – they fell to around 458 thousand (they were still 506 thousand in 2021), thanks to the rather slight reabsorption effects of the 2020 regularization, which proceeded with exhausting slowness and not yet completed: in May 2023, of the 207 thousand applications submitted by employers three years earlier, only 65 thousand (31%) had completed the process with the issue of a work permit, while another 15% were definitively rejected. Confirming the short-lived effect of the one-off mass regularizations (the emergences, if not supported by solid protections and contractual conditions, remain labile: the immigrants who benefit from them can fall back into the black economy already at the first expiry of the permit, being in the in the meantime the regularized employment relationship has lapsed).
The ejection system does not work. Out of 458 thousand irregular migrants, in 2022 those intercepted and reached with an expulsion order were just 36,770, of which only 11.7% were actually repatriated (4,304 people), compared to 15.1% in 2021 and 13.7 % of 2020; while of the migrants who passed through one of the detention centers for repatriation (CPR) throughout the country in 2022 (6,383: +45.5% compared to 4,387 in 2021), only 49.1 were repatriated. %.
The solutions indicated by Idos. In light of the study carried out, Gone proposes a national reform agenda to the Government. “This virtual agenda of proposals for the reform of national migration policies, which contains various innovative ideas compared to the considerable revision guidelines that have already been circulating for some time, represent – he says to Solidarity World Republic Luca Di Sciullo, president of the Study and Research Centre – the result of an original reflection conducted on the scientific analysis of the phenomenon. With this document, we intend to actively contribute to the current public debate on the topic, providing insights deriving from the rigorous and systematic survey, now over thirty years old, of the effects of policies on the concrete lives of migrants who arrive and live in Italy”. Let’s see it.
Proposal 1. The abolition of the status of legal irregularity of non-EU citizens (which would lead to the forfeiture of the “crime of clandestinity”, the abrogation of the expulsion measure and administrative detention and, therefore, the abolition of the detention centers for repatriation, to be achieved by extending the duration of residence permits for work and family purposes by up to 5 years (so as to then pass, without further renewals, either to the already foreseen EU long-stay permit or to the acquisition of Italian citizenship through naturalization) ;
Proposal 2. The establishment of an annual socio-occupational reintegration permit (which would allow entry into specific reintegration programs) and a plan for the complete reabsorption of the pocket of irregularities through the issuance of this permit.
Proposal 3. The review of the entry and residence mechanisms for work reasons, which is based on a three-year planning of quotas fully reflecting the actual needs of the market, to be carried out by restoring the entry permit for job search under sponsors (appropriately updated), connecting the call name from abroad to pre-departure training courses to be carried out in the countries of origin or transit, dividing the annual quotas into sub-quotas dedicated to specific cases and abolishing both the chronological order of presentation of the applications to return to the quotas ( click day) and other useless prior obligations imposed on employers (the verification of the unavailability of Italian workers at the Employment Centers and the onerous production of the economic sustainability certification);
Proposal 4. The acquisition of Italian citizenship either by naturalization, after 5 years of regular residence, or, in the case of minors, at birth or upon arrival in Italy, possibly as a second nationality together with that transmitted by foreign parents, with the right to choose whether to keep it or renounce it when they reach the age of majority (reversing the ratio currently in force for newly-adults).
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– 2024-03-29 22:52:20
