Novak Djokovic had it, Roger Federer and also Mischa Zverev: Meniscus injuries are common injuries among tennis players. The associated pain and swelling often prevent them from playing the sport. The causes, treatment options and prevention of meniscus injuries are presented below.
Where is the meniscus actually located?
The meniscus is a cartilaginous structure in the knee joint that consists of two crescent-shaped discs – the medial and lateral meniscus. These sit between the thigh bone (femur) and the shin bone (tibia) and act as shock absorbers that evenly distribute the load and stabilize the joint.
How do meniscus injuries occur?
Meniscus injuries can occur in both professional and amateur sports and are not uncommon. They are often caused by sudden twisting movements or changes in direction, as is the case in many sports. Sudden braking, hyperextension or twisting of the knee are also common causes. In addition, a wrong step or jump, as well as excessive or prolonged strain, can damage the meniscus. Weak muscles around the knee increase the risk even further.
Can you tell that the meniscus is torn?
Some people only notice after a few weeks that their knee is injured. They then feel an uneven movement when bending and straightening the knee. Larger meniscus tears are often more painful and cause the knee to swell. They can also interfere with or restrict knee movements – as if the knee is “jammed”. An MRI scan provides clarity and shows whether ligaments, cartilage, tendons or muscles are injured.
What treatment methods are available?
In principle, all conservative, non-surgical treatment methods should always be exhausted. If symptoms persist, there are two main treatment methods. The first method involves removing the damaged meniscus tissue. This often leads to rapid pain relief and shorter rehabilitation times. A meniscus that has to be partially or completely removed can lead to instability in the knee and increase the risk of early osteoarthritis, especially in younger patients. The second method is to suture the torn meniscus tissue in order to preserve it. This method requires a longer healing phase, but offers better long-term results because the entire meniscus is retained in its function as a shock absorber and load distributor.
How long does rehabilitation take after surgery?
The length of rehabilitation after a meniscus operation varies depending on the type of operation. With a partial meniscus removal, the recovery period usually only lasts a few weeks. In contrast, the healing time for a meniscus suture is significantly longer and can be three to six months, as the meniscus needs sufficient time to heal completely. To ensure optimal recovery and prevent future injuries, medical tests and targeted training are essential. These measures support the restoration of knee function and help prevent future injuries.
Is competitive sport possible again after successful treatment?
Of course. The aim of any meniscus surgery is to preserve function and also to enable athletes to return to their sport. Following the surgery, regular physiotherapy is carried out, followed by targeted rehabilitation training in order to reach the original level of activity and performance.
How safe is a meniscus operation?
Thanks to modern surgical techniques such as keyhole surgery (arthroscopy), such an operation is now extremely safe. This minimally invasive method allows us to perform the procedure precisely and shorten the healing time. After successful treatment and disciplined rehabilitation, most patients can resume their normal activities.
