Living in a post-COVID-19 pandemic world has made us all a little more aware of viruses and other ailments that begin to infect an increasing number of people or reach new areas. Fortunately, health officials are tasked with spotting any troubling trends or developing crises so we can work to stop them from growing into a full-blown emergency. One of the latest emerging issues is measles, which is now spreading in nine states amid what the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) calls a “staggering” outbreak. Read on to see which places have seen reported cases and why the once-beaten viral foe is coming back.
In recent decades, measles has become something of a distant memory for most people after it was officially declared eliminated in the U.S. at the turn of the millennium. However, the virus can still bubble back up when international travelers get infected and return stateside with the virus in their system, per the CDC.
Now, health officials have become concerned about a burgeoning domestic outbreak. In an emergency alert issued on Jan. 25, the CDC warned that it had been informed of at least 23 confirmed measles cases since Dec. 1, including two outbreaks with more than five related infections each.
Unfortunately, the rising cases aren’t just limited to the U.S. A report from the World Health Organization (WHO) released in Dec. 2023 said it had seen an “alarming” jump in measles cases within Europe, rising from less than 1,000 the previous year to more than 30,000 in 2023. The number of countries with significant outbreaks also leapt from 32 in 2022 to 51 last year, NPR reports.
In its latest alert, the CDC said that most of the reported cases in the latest outbreak were “among children and adolescents who had not received a measles-containing vaccine (MMR or MMRV), even if age eligible.” The agency has found that existing shots for the highly contagious virus are 97 percent effective at preventing infection when both doses are administered.
According to WHO data, roughly 61 million measles vaccine doses were missed in 2021, NPR reports. And the rate of children receiving at least one dose of the vaccine before turning one sank to its lowest level since 2008.
As a result, some health officials have theorized that lack of vaccination is likely the root cause of the latest case surges. “The increase in measles outbreaks and deaths is staggering, but unfortunately, not unexpected given the declining vaccination rates we’ve seen in the past few years,” John Vertefeuille, director of CDC’s Global Immunization Division, said in a statement.
In addition to growing in number, measles cases have also been spreading to new areas lately. So far, CDC and local health department data shows there have been nine states with reported cases as of Feb. 7, USA Today reports. At least one case has been reported each in California, Georgia, Maryland, Missouri, New Jersey, and Ohio. Washington State has so far seen three cases. Meanwhile, Pennsylvania has recorded nine confirmed cases, including eight in Philadelphia. And Delaware has seen 20 to 30 cases in New Castle County, per USA Today.
While numbers in the U.S. still remain low overall, the CDC urges doctors to be on the lookout for any signs of measles. The agency says symptoms typically show up seven to 14 days after someone becomes infected, typically beginning with a high fever, cough, runny nose, and watery eyes. Some patients can also develop Koplik spots—which are tiny white dots in the mouth—two to three days after signs of illness first arrive.
The notorious rash most people associate with measles can begin to develop three to five days after other symptoms start. It typically first appears as red dots on the face and at the hairline before it spreads down the neck, torso, arms, legs, and feet, per the CDC.
The agency urges anyone who thinks they or their child have been exposed to measles to call their healthcare provider immediately. And preventative steps are still seen as key in the fight against the virus. “Vaccination is the only way to protect children from this potentially dangerous disease,” Hans Henri P. Kluge, MD, WHO’s regional director for Europe, said in the agency’s statement. “Urgent vaccination efforts are needed to halt transmission and prevent further spread. It is vital that all countries are prepared to rapidly detect and timely respond to measles outbreaks, which could endanger progress towards measles elimination.”
In conclusion, the recent measles outbreak spreading in nine states is a cause for concern among health officials. The virus, which was once declared eliminated in the U.S., has made a comeback due to international travelers bringing it back with them. Lack of vaccination is believed to be the main reason behind the surge in cases, with millions of measles vaccine doses being missed in 2021. The CDC urges doctors to be vigilant for symptoms and
