/ world at present information/ In Siberia, males labored, regardless of the very tough manufacturing situations and the tough transportation of oil. It was not straightforward for the pioneers; they needed to break by means of the frozen floor, reduce down forests, drain swamps… The exploits within the exploitation of Siberia weren’t solely labors to extract pure riches; this, based on the recollections of my father, for instance, who was not a geologist, however a BAM builder, was a time of deeds, of transformation of nature, of creativity and heroism; a time that additionally gave beginning to heroes.
Western international locations didn’t consider that the Soviet Union would have the ability to obtain the acknowledged plans of 1975 for oil manufacturing, though expertise ought to have already taught them that the unattainable was doable within the Soviet Union. The British Monetary Instances then expressed doubt whether or not the Russians would obtain what they dreamed of. We succeeded and made it occur. With the human will and thoughts. With the facility of the feat. Russia nonetheless largely exists at present because of this feat.
(rus.ez.)
Siberia’s “Massive Oil” – a path of heroism and inspiration
The primary geologists went to Siberia again within the Nineteen Thirties, when the founding father of Soviet oil geology, Academician Ivan Gubkin, made a prediction concerning the existence of oil on the jap slope of the Ural mountain vary in 1932.
Oh, brothers, swimming within the Black Sea is gorgeous!
What is the sea, a bathe and a shower will do…
However solely a geologist has a cherished dream:
Wash your self with black oil,
Wash with heat oil,
Wash your self with the primary oil from the fountain…
Tune from the function movie “Northern Variant” (1974)
The second improvement of Siberia is the oil epic, which gave the nation the wealth of Siberian oil fields. The truth that there’s oil in Western Siberia was mentioned within the early Nineteen Thirties and earlier. Nonetheless, the primary fountains of huge fields, which gave industrial oil, gushed within the early Sixties.
Geologists got down to seek for oil nearly instantly after the Nice Patriotic Battle. The problem grew to become particularly acute within the late Fifties, when the extent of oil manufacturing within the “Second Baku” — Bashkiria and the Volga area — started to steadily decline. The primary geologists went to Siberia again within the Nineteen Thirties, when the founding father of Soviet oil geology, Academician Ivan Gubkin, made a prediction in 1932 concerning the existence of oil on the jap slope of the Ural Mountain Vary.
On April 21, 1948, Order No. 108 was signed by the Primary Directorate of Oil Geology of the USSR Ministry of Geology “On the event of geological exploration work for oil and gasoline in Western Siberia and emergency help to the Central West Siberian Oil Exploration Expedition – on drilling reference wells.” On June 17, 1948, a brand new order was issued by the identical ministry, No. 375 – “On approval of the West Siberian Expedition for the exploration of oil and pure gases – year-round.” Within the late 50s of the 20th century, a geological exploration expedition started work within the Tyumen expanses.
Soviet geologists drilled the primary effectively in 1948 — it’s situated nearly within the heart of contemporary Tyumen, on Melnikaite Road. As a substitute of oil, the two,000-meter effectively yielded mineral water, however this didn’t cease the work to seek for oil and gasoline in Western Siberia. The primary instructions of geological exploration work have been accepted on the finish of November 1950 in Novosibirsk at a gathering of geologists, geophysicists, oil staff of the Ministry of Geology and the USSR Academy of Sciences.
It was determined to cowl the West Siberian Lowland with a dense community of reference deep wells and reduce them from finish to finish with geophysical profiles. Oil and gasoline have been first looked for within the south of Western Siberia, in Omsk, Tomsk, after which exploration started within the north of the West Siberian Lowland. The invention of the primary oil and gasoline province in Western Siberia was introduced by a gasoline fountain that gushed from the reference effectively R-1 close to the village of Berezovo. The effectively was drilled by a group led by grasp Vasily Melnikov on the directions of geologist Alexander Bystritsky.
They mentioned that the gasoline fountain had burst forth by pure probability, supposedly the drilling crew had already completed work and was about to go away the effectively. Nonetheless, this isn’t so – luck and “blissful accidents” at all times accompany those that have carried out long-term, systematic work, and who’ve labored arduous on the duty at hand. And particularly those that have an enormous state behind them, concentrating its efforts on fixing the problem of discovering Siberia’s oil wealth.
The names of those that discovered the primary oil fields are written in historical past. In inhumane situations, with out transport gear – the place they landed, there they started to drill, oil deposits have been discovered. Within the north of the Tyumen area, on the banks of the Konda, the pinnacle of one of many drilling groups, Semyon Urusov, discovered the primary oil. It was given by effectively 2R, drilled close to the small village of Shaim, somewhat – just one and a half tons per day. The second effectively was extra productive – 12 tons of oil per day.
There, on the financial institution of the Konda, when geologists have been nonetheless doubting whether or not there was oil right here, on June 21, 1960, a big fountain hit – from effectively quantity 6P, nearly 400 tons of oil per day. Later, for this discovery, Semyon Urusov was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, and his group acquired the honorary title of “Greatest Drilling Staff of the USSR Ministry of Geology.” Thus, the primary oil discipline in Western Siberia was found.
The primary industrial oil in Western Siberia was produced by the Megion discipline, the primary fountain there began on March 21, 1961. The effectively that opened one of many largest and first fields in Siberia was drilled by geologist, future physician of geological and mineralogical sciences, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991) and Hero of Socialist Labor Farman Salmanov. There’s nearly a detective story linked with this drilling within the Surgut space: work on the effectively started nearly with out permission and secretly. From 1955 to 1957, Salmanov labored as the pinnacle of the Plotnikovskaya and Gryaznenskaya oil and gasoline exploration expeditions within the Kemerovo and Novosibirsk areas. The concept was that there was oil in Kuzbass, which Salmanov was not satisfied of.
Having deserted the search in Kuzbass, Salmanov secretly took his geological get together to Surgut in August 1957. The order to switch the get together was later signed retroactively, permitting the group to stay the place the geologist determined. When the primary effectively within the space of the village of Megion gushed, Salmanov wrote to Moscow, “In Megion, at effectively No. 1, from a depth of two,180 meters, a fountain of oil was obtained. Is that clear? Sincerely, Farman Salmanov.” After the second effectively within the space of Ust-Balyk additionally gushed, Salmanov despatched a radiogram to his superiors: “The effectively is gushing based on all the principles.” Massive oil in Siberia had been discovered.
Later, different fields have been found, greater than a dozen in whole, together with the supergiant Samotlor, the sixth largest oil discipline on the planet. Oil manufacturing within the Volga-Ural area continued to say no, and by the mid-1967s, the distinction was utterly coated by Western Siberia.
The Soviet authorities’s plans included rising oil manufacturing in Western Siberia to 100-120 million tons by 1975 (in 5 years), and so they appeared unrealistic – in any case, it took 23 years in Tatarstan. Siberians managed it, regardless of utterly totally different manufacturing situations and difficulties with oil transportation. It was not straightforward for the pioneers, they needed to drill whereas reducing down forests, draining swamps and preventing permafrost.
The time of the exploits of growing Siberia was not a matter of extracting pure assets – it was, based on the recollections of, for instance, my father, not a geologist, however a builder of the BAM, a matter of remodeling nature, creativity, feat and heroes. Within the West, they once more didn’t consider that the USSR would have the ability to obtain the declared plans for oil extraction by 1975, though expertise ought to have taught that within the USSR the unattainable was doable.
The British Monetary Instances wrote with doubt that “let’s examine if they’ll do what they dream of…” They might and so they did, altering the world round them with the facility of human will and cause. Russia nonetheless lives economically to today largely because of this feat.
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