“HIV (HIV)” is a type of virus. This causes destruction of the body’s immune system. The word HIV is an abbreviation of the first letter of the human immunodeficiency virus.
part “AIDS” It is the last stage of HIV infection. The patient is often immunocompromised, the CDC level in the blood is less than 200 cells per cubic milliliter. At this stage, infected people often have opportunistic complications.
“HIV” It was first discovered in 1982 in California, USA with MSM infected with pneumonia and swollen lymph nodes. Therefore, the infection was detected until a new virus similar to the SIV virus was found in monkeys. Therefore, it is assumed that it may have come from monkeys.
HIV can be transmitted in three main ways: Sexually. sharing needles or receiving infected blood/organs and mother-to-child contact
The stage of infection is divided into 4 stages: acute stage asymptomatic stage symptomatic stage and AIDS stage
signs and symptoms
• acute phase There are often flu-like symptoms, namely fever, cough, sore throat, fatigue and body aches. In many cases, lymph nodes are found, especially in the neck area. Some people may get skin rashes and joint pain.
• Asymptomatic phase Usually no symptoms
• period of symptoms You may notice a rash on your tongue, shingles, frequent lung infections, fatigue, less eating, weight loss, or your thinking system is not as fast as before, etc. Most of the time, 90 percent will be in the 1-8 year period. Some cases may be shorter or longer.
• AIDS stage There are often symptoms of complications such as shortness of breath, chronic fever, chronic watery diarrhea. spots or rash, difficulty swallowing, headache, confusion, loss of consciousness, etc.
diagnosis
Doctors can make a diagnosis mainly from blood tests. saliva test and self-examination at home can pre-screen But I have yet to confirm the results again in the hospital
Treatment of all stages of HIV infection including the AIDS stage. This can be done by taking anti-HIV drugs along with the treatment of complications. and other opportunistic diseases having to take medicine regularly come to check and follow up regularly And prevent the arrival of new infections. If you take the drug and have any abnormal symptoms, you should consult a doctor, do not stop taking the drug or lack of treatment. Some people may have psychological and social problems. can consult an expert and find a source of money or social support to get holistic care for patients as well
protection are as follows
1. Wear standard condoms If you have sex with a person at risk or unknown status
2. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission by having pregnant women and their spouses tested for HIV or have an original infection take medicine regularly standard birth And ask the doctor to evaluate whether the child has an infection or not. and stop breastfeeding switch to formula because there may be an infection in the milk
3. Prevention of workplace injuries Using proper work techniques such as not putting the needle back in the sheath. Dispose of it in an infectious waste container. including the use of proper self-defense equipment
4. Prevention with drugs
to. If touched with blood or secretions that are at risk of contracting HIV Take a drug to prevent exposure, known as PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis).
b.If there is a risk of contracting HIV, e.g. or have sex with someone who knows about their condition Pre-exposure prophylaxis called PrEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) may also be used.
There are two ways to take PrEP to prevent infection before exposure to HIV: continuous and non-continuous daily medications. Also known as on-demand, when there is a risk of eating
Before taking PrEP
HIV testing should be done to make sure they are not already infected. Kidney tests to check for syphilis. and hepatitis B virus
Non-daily intake of PrEP pills
Several studies claim that the 2-1-1 program is effective in patients with MSM. or both genders If you have anal sex
This means taking 2 pills 2-24 hours before intercourse.
then take 1 tablet 24 hours after the first dose
Then take 1 tablet 24 hours after the second dose.
However, information on taking medicines that you must not eat today There is not enough data on women. or men who have sex with transgender women and drug addicts. Therefore, in this group, it is still recommended to continue taking the drug every day before.
source of information
Lect. Rapeepan Rattanawongnara, MD Department of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University
