CNN Indonesia
Monday, 13 Feb 2023 12:00 WIB
Jakarta, CNNIndonesia —
Cells are the smallest part of the body living beings (organisms) whose number can reach millions to billions.
Types and cell structure In living things it is divided into several parts according to their respective functions. The following are the types and structures of cells that exist in every living thing.
Types of Living Being Cells
In Class XI High School Biology Learning Module: Structure and Functioncells in living things are divided into two types.
1. Prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells are cells that do not have a nuclear membrane (nucleus), so that the genetic material in them has not been separated from other cells.
Organisms that have prokaryotic cells are bacteria, archaebacteria, eubacteria, cyanobacteria, and algae.
2. Eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells are cells that have genetic material in the form of DNA and RNA which are enclosed in a nuclear membrane (nucleus), so that they are separated from other cell organelles.
Organisms that have eukaryotic cells are animals and plants. One of the characteristics of eukaryotic cells is that they are 10-100 mm in size, and the DNA is located in the nucleoplasm.
Cell Structure in Living Things
The cell structure in living things is the constituent elements that are interconnected with each other with the cell system. Here’s the order.
1. Cell wall
The cell wall is only owned by plants, while animals do not. It is composed of cellulose, when the cell is still young the walls are relatively thin.
Cells will experience the addition of lignin substances when they mature, so that the cell walls become strong and thick. The cell wall protects and gives shape to the cell.
2. Cell nucleus
The cell nucleus or nucleus is usually in the middle of an oval-shaped cell. It contains chromosomal threads, which are carriers of the properties of DNA and RNA.
The nucleus is composed of water, proteins and minerals. The function of the cell nucleus as a regulatory center for cell activity.
3. Cell membranes
Still regarding the types and structure of cells in living things. Next there is the cell membrane or plasma membrane which is in charge of regulating the entry and exit of substances into the cell.
In plants, the cell membrane serves to strengthen the cell, protect the cell from breaking, and is a place for water and minerals to move.
4. Mitochondria
Mitochondria are the respiration site of living things. It has a cylindrical shape and is covered by two membranes, the outer and inner membranes.
The main function of mitochondria is to produce energy that is needed by every living thing.
5. Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (Re) is a threadlike structure in the cell nucleus. There are two types, coarse Re (Re granuler) and fine Re (Re Agranuler).
Re functions in compiling and distributing substances into cells, whereas rough Re collects proteins, and refined Re synthesizes lipids, glycogen, cholesterol, and glycerides.
6. Many times
Golgi bodies or dictyosomes in plant cells are a collection of small bubbled spaces that are stacked in shape.
These diktiosomes are useful as a means of protein and mucus secretion, so they are called secretory organelles.
7. Ribosomes
Ribosomes are the place where protein synthesis takes place, as well as the process of assembling amino acids. Ribosomes are located along the endoplasmic reticulum.
The shape of the ribosome is like fine granules, and it is composed of two subunits, the large and small subunits.
8. Lysosomes
Lysosomes are small sacs with a single membrane that contain digestive enzymes.
The main function of lysosomes is to digest damaged cell parts or foreign substances that enter the cell.
9. Plastids
There are three types of plastids namely chloroplasts, chromoplasts and lekoplas. Inside the plastids contain chlorophyll or green pigment. Each type of plastid has a different function.
Lecoplasts function to store cell food, chloroplasts are green pigments for plants, and chromoplasts are pigmented plastids.
10. Centrosome
The centrosome is an organelle that only exists in animals and looks like a star.
The main task of the centrosome is to carry out cell division, which can be mitotic or metotic division.
That is an explanation of the types and structures of cells in living things, which have an important function in maintaining genetic properties and supporting the growth process.
(avd/juh)
