Influenza Cases Surge Across the Country, Experts Explain Why
As the flu season continues to wreak havoc across the United States, experts are working to understand why this year’s outbreak is particularly severe. According to estimates from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), between 20 million and 39 million people have been sickened by the flu, with up to 18 million visiting a doctor, up to 490,000 hospitalized, and anywhere from 14,000 to 43,000 deaths reported since October 1st. Alicia Budd, the CDC’s team lead for domestic flu surveillance, acknowledges the significant impact of this season’s flu activity.
Hospitalizations have been a major concern during this flu season. Dr. Robert H. Hopkins Jr., the medical director of the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID), reveals that the hospitalization rate at the end of December was the third-highest peak since the 2010-2011 flu season. The cumulative hospitalization rate for this season is currently 47.8 per 100,000 people, making it the fourth-highest rate for this time of year in nearly a decade. Adults aged 60 and older and children under 5 are experiencing the highest hospitalization rates. While there haven’t been as many deaths reported compared to previous seasons, Hopkins warns that there may be an increase in flu-related deaths in the coming weeks as data on deaths tends to lag.
The majority of flu cases this year have been caused by influenza A H1N1, a strain that affects children and adults more severely than influenza A H3N2, which typically impacts older adults. Influenza A H1N1 infections are more likely to result in intensive care admissions, mechanical ventilation, or death. Additionally, cases caused by influenza B/Victoria, a strain associated with severe in-hospital outcomes, have also increased. It remains unclear whether the flu activity has peaked or if another wave will hit, but experts suggest that there may be five to six more weeks left of the flu season.
One contributing factor to the widespread flu outbreak is alarmingly low vaccination rates. Although this year’s flu shot appears to be a strong match against the circulating strains, including H1N1, H3N2, and B/Victoria, vaccination rates are abnormally low. Racial disparities in vaccine coverage persist, with rates being lowest in rural communities and among those with low socioeconomic status. Lower vaccination rates mean that more people are not protected, increasing the opportunities for the virus to spread.
However, it’s not too late to get vaccinated. Past flu seasons have lasted as late as May, so as long as there is still flu activity, it is recommended to get vaccinated. The flu shot not only prevents illness but also reduces the severity of the infection and the risk of complications in those who do get sick.
If you do contract the flu, it is essential to take care of yourself and follow traditional advice. Resting, staying hydrated, and avoiding close contact with others are crucial steps in recovery. Over-the-counter pain and fever reducers can help alleviate symptoms, but it is important to consult a doctor before taking them, especially if you have underlying conditions. Honey can provide relief for a cough when consumed in a spoonful or mixed with warm water. Monitoring oxygen levels with a pulse oximeter can also be useful, and if saturation falls below 90%, it is recommended to contact a healthcare provider. Telehealth appointments are suitable for individuals with milder symptoms or who are not at risk for severe illness, but in-person appointments should be scheduled if breathing difficulties, uncontrollable fever, confusion, or worsening symptoms occur.
Antiviral medications are available for those who test positive for the flu and can help shorten the course of the illness. However, severe chest pain, extreme shortness of breath, or loss of consciousness require immediate medical attention.
It is important to note that lingering symptoms, such as a cough or congestion, are common and can last up to two weeks, particularly in older adults and individuals with lung disease. The immune system takes time to settle down after fighting off the infection, and dry air can exacerbate symptoms. Additionally, there is always a possibility of contracting another virus.
As the flu season continues, it is crucial not to let our guard down. The duration of this year’s flu season remains uncertain, and taking preventive measures, such as getting vaccinated and practicing good hygiene, is essential in reducing the spread of the virus.
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