Increases the incidence of cancers associated with HPV, according to a study

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A study by the California Medical Center Research Institute has shown that the incidence of cancers associated with the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is increasing, especially in oropharyngeal cancer rates and in men. Instead, the data shows there has been a decline in cervical cancer rates in young women in the United States following the approval of the HPV vaccine. Therefore, the authors of the work, published in the magazine JAMAemphasize that vaccination against HPV in both sexes may be important.

Scientists have conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study using data on HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), anal/rectal SCC, vulvar SCC, vaginal SCC, cervical carcinoma, and penile SCC. In this way, it has been observed that cervical cancer has decreased, especially in younger women, after the approval of the HPV vaccine. In contrast, oropharyngeal and anal/rectal cancers have increased among men.

Cervical cancer has decreased, especially in younger women, after approval of the HPV vaccine

The results suggest that the decrease in the incidence of cervical cancers, particularly in young women, may be associated with the approval of HPV vaccination. However, it may be too early to assess this association in oropharyngeal and anal cancers, which occur later. In total, researchers have identified 657,317 HPV-associated cancers between 2001 and 2017. Of these, 393,298 occurred in women (59.8%) and 264,019 in men (40.2%). Specifically, 52% of cancers in women were of the cervix, and 80.1% of cancers in men were oropharyngeal.

During the last 17 years there has been an increase in the incidence of anal/rectal (2.83%) and vulvar (1.19%) cancer in women. Regarding age, there is an increased incidence of anal/rectal cancer in all women over 50 years of age, with a greater increase in women between 60 and 64 years of age (5.15%). Vulvar cancer is increasing in all women over 45 years of age, with the greatest increase in women aged 60 to 64 years (3.06%). Oropharyngeal and vaginal cancer rates remain stable.

Researchers have identified 657,317 HPV-associated cancers between 2001 and 2017

For men, there has also been a significant increase in HPV-associated cancers, with an average increase of 2.36% per year. Significant increases have been seen in oropharyngeal (2.71%) and anal/rectal (1.83%) cancers. In fact, oropharyngeal cancer is increasing in every region of the United States, with significant growth in distant-stage disease (3.79%). This type of cancer has increased in all men over 50 years of age, with the greatest increase in men aged 65 to 69 years (4.24%). For its part, anal/rectal cancer has increased in all racial and ethnic groups, with the greatest increase in black men (3.40%). Finally, penile cancer rates have remained stable.

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