A new study has revealed that lavish water consumption habits of wealthy individuals, such as maintaining swimming pools, lush gardens, and clean cars, play a significant role in causing water crises in cities. This issue poses a serious threat and is becoming as paramount as challenges posed by climate change and population growth. The research suggests that a fair distribution of water resources is necessary to preserve water supplies. In light of this, the study used Cape Town, South Africa, as a case study and discovered that the city’s wealthiest residents consumed 50 times more water than its poorest, and during the 2018 drought, the marginalized residents faced a scarcity of clean water. However, Cape Town is not an isolated case, as similar scenarios occur in many cities worldwide, such as Miami, Melbourne, London, Barcelona, São Paulo, Beijing, Bengaluru, and Harare. It is predicted that over a billion urban occupants will encounter water shortages in the near future, and water crises in cities will become more prevalent. According to a report by the Global Commission on the Economics of Water in March, the world is on the brink of water crisis with demand projected to exceed supply by 40% by 2030. Prof. Hannah Cloke from the University of Reading, UK, and the study co-author emphasized social inequality as being the biggest hurdle for poorer people in accessing clean water for everyday use. If equitable water-sharing measures are not put in place, the inequality gap between the rich and the poor will continue to widen and negatively affect everyone. The study, which appears in Nature Sustainability, utilized data to develop a model of urban water usage, with varying income levels incorporated into the equation. The results demonstrated that changes in the water usage patterns by the richest group had a more prominent effect on overall water availability than shifts in demographics or climate change-related droughts. It was also discovered that the increased use of private boreholes by the elites had a significant adverse water depletion effect. Researchers pointed out that overlooking socio-economic imbalances in urban water crises often results in misguided technocratic solutions that exacerbate the uneven and unsustainable water-use patterns that created the problem in the first place. Prof. Mariana Mazzucato from University College London, UK, stresses the need for a more proactive and ambitious common good approach, with fairness and equity as top priorities. Today, the era of plentiful and affordable drinking water has passed for much of the population; therefore, it is time to create sustainable water distribution policies. Let’s heighten collective awareness and encourage fair water distribution measures to ensure a sustainable future for everyone, irrespective of their socioeconomic status.
