Ammon – Ablution is the process of purifying the body before performing prayer in Islam. Ablution involves wiping and washing specific parts, namely the head, hands, face and feet. Muslims must know the obligations of ablution imposed by God Almighty, and scholars have agreed that they consist of washing the face and hands up to the elbows, wiping the head, and washing the feet up to the ankles. In addition to these obligations, there are some obligations that scholars differ about their obligation, such as the intention, name, rinsing, sniffing, and arrangement.
As for prayer, it is a specific act of worship in Islam, and its times are specified in the Sharia. The obligatory prayer consists of five prayers. To perform the prayer correctly, you must know the conditions, pillars and duties of prayer. Among the conditions for the validity of the prayer: Purification from minor and major impurities, entering the specified time for prayer, purity of the body and place, covering the private parts, and facing the qiblah. As for the pillars of prayer, they are standing up, saying the opening takbeer, reading Al-Fatihah, bowing, prostrating, the last tashahhud, and the first greeting.
Prayer duties include moving takbeers, recitation, tahmid, and glorification. These actions are obligatory in prayer and they are an oversight that is compelled to leave them in a state of forgetfulness, and this is corrected by the prostration of forgetfulness.
There is a set of duties that must be performed during prayer. An obligation is what must be performed during prayer, and it is not permissible to leave it without a legitimate excuse. The following are some of the basic duties of prayer:
Transition takbeers: The takbeers must be repeated at the start of the prayer and before moving from one movement to another. The first takbeer is after saying the intention and the second takbeer is before bowing.
Reciting: It is obligatory to hear the Imam’s saying “God hears those who praise Him” when he raises his head from bowing. At this time, the congregation must say, “Our Lord, to You be praise.”
Al-Tahmeed: It is obligatory to say “Our Lord, to You be praise” after recitation.
Tasbih: “Glory be to my Lord the Great” must be said several times during bowing. Other praises may also be said.
Reciting Al-Fatihah: Surah Al-Fatihah must be recited in every rak’ah of the prayer.
Bowing: It is necessary to bow down and be firm in bowing in a state of tranquility and stillness.
Standing straight from bowing: Standing straight after bowing before prostrating.
Prostration: It is obligatory to prostrate and to be steadfast in prostration in a state of tranquility and stillness.
The final tashahhud: The final tashahhud must be said in prayer, which is the supplication and tashahhud that is said before the final salutation.
The first salutation: The first salutation must be said after the final tashahhud, which is the salutation to the right.
