Ammon – How the patient performs prayer
The patient is supposed to pray the five daily prayers at their specified times, just as he has to perform them in the mosque in congregation, and if he is unable to go to the mosque, he should pray them in congregation in his place. If this is difficult for him; He may combine the noon and the afternoon, and between the sunset and the dinner, a combination of earlier or later, according to his condition and the most attached to it, and the prayer then becomes a complete prayer without shortening it.[١] This means that prayer is never waived for the patient as long as the mind is present. With regard to how to pray for the sick as well, the jurists have a statement and detail as follows:
The Hanafis: Standing is waived for the sick person who is incapable of it, and he may pray sitting with bowing and prostration if he is able, otherwise he nods * with his head, and makes the nodding in prostration less than in bowing, and if he is unable to sit, he lies on his back and places his feet towards the qiblah and gestures for bowing and prostrating. If he lies on his side, then it is better for him to lie on his right side and make his face towards the qiblah and nod for bowing and prostration.
Nodding with the eyes or with the heart is not valid, and if the time for prayer has passed and he is in this state, he must make it up all of it and it does not fall from him as long as the mind is present, and among them are those who restricted the number of prayers that must be spent to the extent of the prayers of the day and night, and what is more than that is not required to spend it, and this is the chosen one And be kind to the patient, and the patient prays in this manner also if he is able to stand, but he was unable to bow and prostrate. And if something is presented to him while standing while praying and he is unable to complete it while standing, then he should complete it while sitting or lying down if he is unable to sit.
Maliki: When the patient is unable to stand, the patient prays sitting down. Either he is independent, or he sits while leaning on something, and the Sunnah is for him to sit cross-legged, and if he is not able to sit, then he prays lying on his right side, and if he is not able to lie on the left side, and if he is unable to, then on his back and with his feet towards the qiblah, and if he is not able, then on his stomach with his head for the kiss.
And the one who is able to stand without bowing, prostrating, and sitting, nods with them standing, but if he is able to sit, he nods by bowing standing and prostrating sitting, and if he starts his prayer standing and a matter appears to him that prevents him from standing; He completes his prayer sitting, and if the patient is not able to nod with his head, he intends to pray and nods with his eyes, and what he is unable to do is waived from him, and he is not entitled to delay the prayer.
Shafi’is and Hanbalis: If the patient is unable to stand independently, he stands bent over, and if he is unable to do all of it, he sits as he wishes. And prostration and in prostration, he nods more, and if he cannot nod with his head, he nods with his eyes to the actions of prayer, and if he cannot; He passes the pillars of prayer over his heart, by representing himself standing, kneeling, and so on, while reciting in the tongue if he can, otherwise he passes the reading over his heart as well. And the prayer is never waived from him as long as the basis for the obligation is present, which is the mind.
The description of the disease in which the patient is licensed
There are several controls for what is considered a disease and its owner is excused in prayer. For example, if it is not possible for the patient to stand up entirely, or it is possible for him, but with great hardship that is accompanied by severe pain, or that this causes the possibility of an increase in the disease or a slowdown in his recovery, then this is considered an excuse for the patient and he is permitted to pray sitting with bowing and prostration. Head rotation, or pain, or migraine, or ophthalmia *, are among the excuses that relieve the patient because of them in his prayers.
Intense fear is attached to severe pain. If the worshiper is afraid of a human enemy or an animal that may harm him if he prays standing, it is permissible for him to pray sitting, even if he thinks it most likely or is told by the doctor that his prayer standing may lead to some harm. such as increasing urinary incontinence, or the runny nose of his wound, or slowing down his recovery, at that time he may pray sitting.
Patient licenses
The patient during his illness has several licenses related to prayer, including the fall of the Friday prayer for him, as one of the conditions for the obligation of Friday prayer is the ability to perform it, so it is not obligatory for the patient for his inability to do so. The patient is also permitted to perform tayammum instead of ablution or ghusl, if it is difficult or embarrassing to use water, or if the disease increases because of it or his recovery is delayed.
The congregational prayer is waived for the sick and the one who finds it difficult for him to go to the congregation, as the Messenger – may God bless him and grant him peace – stayed behind from the mosque during his illness, and it is also waived for the one who fears that the disease will occur by going to the congregation, because he is in the ruling of the sick. Among the licenses granted to the patient and not related to prayer; Breaking the fast in Ramadan, and it is stipulated in the disease that permits breaking the fast in Ramadan that it be a disease in which fasting makes extreme hardship or destruction for the patient, or if the disease is a reason for slowing down his recovery from the disease or a reason for its increase.
The Sharia permitted the patient in his illness to combine the two prayers.
The first is the opinion of the Maalikis and the Hanbalis: it is the saying that allows the sick person to combine the noon and afternoon prayers, or Maghrib and Isha, and the Maalikis restrict the permissible combination in the event of fear of fainting, fever, etc. by combining the advancing only, and if he is healthy from these diseases at the time of the second prayer, he must repeat the second prayer Once again, as for the Hanbalis, they left the choice to the patient between collecting the introduction and the delay, like the traveler, because he was attached to the patient.
The second is the saying of the Shafi’is: Where they said that it is not permissible to combine the two prayers due to illness, because it was not proven that the Messenger – may God’s prayers and peace be upon him – did that despite his illness several times.
Those with excuses
Those with excuses or people with excuses: They are the sick, the travelers, and the fearful, who do not have the ability to perform the prayer in its usual way, as is performed by the ordinary person other than the one with an excuse, and therefore the street licensed them several licenses and relieved them in the performance of duty; He allowed them to perform prayers according to their ability.
The traveler and the sick: The traveler is one of those who have excuses and who may have several concessions, including shortening the four-rak’ah prayer; As there is no disagreement on the legality of minors in his right among the scholars, and minors are permissible with the same travel, whether or not fear accompanies him, and the evidence for its legality is the Qur’an, the Sunnah, and consensus; The nation has unanimously agreed that the traveler’s shortening of the prayers is one of the matters known from the religion of necessity, and that taking this concession is a Sunnah, and that taking it is better than leaving it. Sunnah in travel. As for what is permissible to shorten it; It is permissible to shorten the four-fourth prayer only, which is the noon prayer, the afternoon prayer, and the evening prayer, and neither the dawn prayer nor the sunset prayer can be shortened.
It is also permissible for the traveler to combine the two prayers; Noon and afternoon, or Maghrib and Isha at the time of one of these prayers. It is also permissible for the patient to combine the two prayers, as previously mentioned, and the disease is attached to istihaadah; Istihadha is considered a kind of disease, so it is permissible for the istihadha to combine the two prayers.
The Afraid: A fearful person is prescribed several licenses, including the prayer of fear. As it was initiated in permissible fighting, such as fighting the aggressors and others, that is, when fearing the attack of the enemy, and the enemy includes: the human being, or the animal that a person fears for his life, and the evidence for the legitimacy of this prayer: the Qur’an, the Sunnah, and consensus, and it has two conditions, the first: That the enemy be among those who may be killed, such as enemy warriors. The second: the fear of an enemy attack on Muslims while they are performing prayers.
