KOMPAS.com – Magnet is a material that can attract and repel metal objects that are in its magnetic field.
Reporting from Thought Co, terrain magnet is formed when a magnetic dipole in a material is oriented in the same direction.
Iron (Fe) and manganese (MnO) are two elements that can be made into magnets by aligning the magnetic dipoles in the metal, if not aligned then they will not be formed. magnetic field.
Commonly known types of magnets besides iron and manganese are neodymium iron boron (NdFeB), samarium cobalt (SmCo), ceramic magnets (ferrite), and aluminum nickel cobalt (AlNiCo) magnets.
These materials are referred to as permanent magnets, but there are ways to remove their magnetic properties or what is commonly referred to as demagnetisasi.
Also read: Ways to Make Magnets
Demagnetization is usually carried out if certain situations occur. For example, when we are going to dispose of data storage that we have in it using a magnetic drive, so for the sake of safety, before throwing it away, it is better to damage the magnetic field in it.
In addition, there are also frequent cases where metal objects can become magnetized accidentally and cause other metal objects to be attracted and create unwanted situations. The following are common methods for demagnetization:
- Magnetic demagnetization by heating
If the metal that has become a magnet is heated to past a temperature called the curie point, the high temperature will release the magnetic dipole from its structure and make the magnetic field in the metal chaotic and not lose its magnetic power.
- Demagnetize the manget by hammering it
When a metal that has a magnetic field is hammered repeatedly or drops it onto a hard surface it will demagnetize because physical disturbances and vibrations will shake the material order in the magnetic field and damage it.
Natural demagnetization occurs over a long period of time because basically over time each magnet loses strength in its magnetic field.
Sooner or later this natural demagnetization process is influenced by several factors including temperature, humidity, and the position of the magnet’s storage.
Also read: Why Are Magnetic Poles Always North and South?
If the magnet is stored in a place with high humidity, the demagnetization process will occur faster due to the corrosion process.
Storage of a magnet that has a weak magnetic power together with a magnet that has a strong magnetic power will also accelerate the demagnetization process of a magnet with a weak magnetic power.
- Demagnetization by providing an alternating electric current (AC)
One way to make a magnet is to apply an electric (electromagnetic) field so that demagnetization can also use the same method.
To perform demagnetization, you must use AC current through the solenoid. AC current distribution by starting from a high voltage and slowly reducing the voltage until it reaches zero.
The alternating current rapidly changes direction and changes the orientation of the electromagnetic field causing the material core in the magnet to fall apart, resulting in a demagnetization process.
Direct current or DC cannot be used because the flow of electricity will occur stably and will not affect the magnetic field.
Also read: Magnetic Field: Determine the Magnitude of the Lorentz Force on Electrons
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