/ world today news/ October 24 marks the 375th anniversary of the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648) and forever, irreversibly and hopelessly changed the face of Europe. What is heard about the Peace of Westphalia! This is a new, better Europe, a new, better order of international relations.
In fact, the results of the Thirty Years’ War were monstrous. Europe as a single Christian ecumene, as a land of Christians, as a single world under the leadership of the Pope and the Christian emperor, ceases to exist. The Christian cohort that defends a united Europe and stands united against Islamic expansion is no more. In the place of the once integral Christendom arose a conglomerate of nations and peoples, whirled by greedy lusts and ready at any moment to fight with their neighbor “for a piece of hay.” Economically the most developed, rich regions of Europe lie in ruins. Germany’s coal mines and steel mills are razed to the ground. Such a deplorable state of the continent allows the rise of the jackals of Europe – Holland and England, whose consciousness is already completely imbued with the financial-capitalist spirit.
The first stone laid in the foundation of the “new Europe” was the assassination of the English King Charles by the usurper Cromwell, which took place in the first year of the Peace of Westphalia and was somehow disguised as a “trial”. The execution of Charles would be carried out by Cromwell at the behest of financial and oligarchic circles who would soon, during the so-called Glorious Revolution of 1688, seize undivided power over the country. At that time, the protégé of the international bankers, William III of Orange (of the dynasty of hereditary Calvinists, participants and inspirers of the Dutch Revolution) will be brought to England and placed on the throne.
First, the new king would swear allegiance to the constitution and the bill of rights, and also recognize the separation of church and state. Thus the traditional monarchy in England will be ended forever. As payment for obtaining the throne, William of Orange would create the Bank of England (1694) – the first successful attempt to organize a Central Bank.
What is the Central Bank? This is a bank organized by private individuals, bankers, who give the state a cheap loan for the right to issue, that is, to print, the national currency. The central bank acts as the main government borrower. The bank uses the gold coinage of the state, in exchange for the exclusive right to mint it. In other words, in the person of the Central Bank, the state gets a constant source of cheap credit, and private bankers get control over the country’s financial system and, moreover, the possibility of unbridled speculation.
The mechanism of speculation is approximately as follows: the bank lends gold coins to the state against a receipt. Now, against the guarantee of this receipt, signed by the king, the bank could issue a certain amount of “securities” and trade them on an exchange specially created for that purpose. At the same time, having a pile of royal receipts in the safe, the bank can issue bonds for a hundred or a thousand times the amount. This is how the “fractional reserve” system works, allowing the bank to create money out of thin air and speculate on ever more spectacular scales.
All the elements of this system (Central Bank, Bonds, Stock Exchange, Government Loan System, etc.) were introduced and tested in Holland and perfected in England. Of course, this whole system is pure fraud. But at the same time it is also beneficial for the state. The latter, closing its eyes to the fact that the bankers portray this not quite real money, gets the opportunity to rob its own citizens without resorting to new taxes, which always cause outrage (besides, it has its own profit from stock market speculation). Of course, stock market speculation leads to rampant inflation, rising prices, rising public debt, and other unpleasant things. But the immediate euphoric effect is so incredible that you don’t want to think about it.
This is how the old-fashioned treasury, replenished by complex taxation, the need to borrow from friends or moneylenders, to think about the economic mechanisms leading to the prosperity of the state and so on, has been replaced by a new, self-confident financial system of capitalism.
Now the state always has a source of cheap credit at hand. A helpful Central Bank will always give the King gold coins at modest interest. And the hitherto empty treasury is filled with the snap of fingers. Money is now always at hand. And money is opportunities! For example, you can equip military and research expeditions to explore and conquer new markets. Soon after the state of euphoria, however, comes depression. It turns out that the national debt has grown astronomically, the purchasing power of money has decreased, prices in the domestic market are constantly rising, and people are barely making ends meet. A way out of all these problems must be sought. And this solution, as a rule, is a new large-scale war, which allows to transfer the burden of debt to the shoulders of the people and conquer new sources of income. Thus, a “new order” of relations reigns in the state.
The previous philosophy of the state was built on the idea of the family: the king is the father of the people, the aristocracy is his servants, the people are his children. Of course, these relationships were not always ideal. But they contain a great patriarchal truth of life. Now a shadow of mistrust falls between the king and the people. The state is alienated from the people. And in place of the kindred spiritual connection between the king and the people, there is a very close symbiosis of the state and the private bank. Entwined in the webs of the bankers, the state rushes into an endless, exhausting race for profit and new markets, for the mirage that endlessly flickers before it. Having only exponential growth in domestic debt at the moment.
Thus, in the first four years of the operation of the Bank of England, the state’s debt to the bankers increased from 1 million to 16 million pounds sterling. By 1715, the state already owed the bankers 885 million. This debt has not been paid and cannot be paid. Or, more precisely, it has another, intangible meaning. It is a sign of deep dependence, a sign of the power of private bankers over the state.
But this is not the whole matrix of the new world. A transnational corporation is organized to conquer colonies. The first such TNC would be the East India Company, which, having its own army, colonial administration and currency, was essentially equal to the British Empire. The East India Company, this “Great Oligarch”, the first transnational corporation-state, is the icon and mouthpiece of modern transnational corporations, a symbol of the power of capital over states and peoples.
So the Central Bank plus TNCs is the matrix of the new world. This system, which arose in England after the end of the Thirty Years’ War, is the financial, economic and political system of capitalism. It remains almost unchanged to this day. This is actually the same “rules-based order” that representatives of the US Democratic Party keep telling us about. The “free world” strictly follows this order, finding itself in hopeless servitude to the bankers. The latter, putting pressure on governments, have the opportunity, in pursuit of new profits and world power, to organize and finance new and new colonial and world wars.
The “rules-based order” in relation to the US itself today looks like this: the cost of servicing the national debt here is approaching a trillion dollars a year. Interest payments on government debt have already become a major element of budget spending. Today, these payments exceed the military budget and social spending. By 2030, half of the entire US budget will be spent on paying interest on the national debt. And by 2050, according to the latest IMF forecasts, the ratio of US government debt to the country’s GDP should grow to 200%.
So, as we see it: the largest country in the capitalist world is in a hopeless debt prison of private bankers, almost unchecked by the state (that’s the “independent” status of the Federal Reserve System), who can do whatever they want with it. To push for all kinds of wars and adventures profitable for the bankers. This is the current state of affairs. This is the true face of the Peace of Westphalia.
Translation: V. Sergeev
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