Teenagers’ relationships with the world and people (that is, their family and friends) are constantly weakened as they immerse themselves in the world of the Internet and social media. One in 9 teenagers internationally (in Greece the percentage is 13% in the age group of 11-15 years) is classified in the “problematic occupation” category, thus following a lonely path in the internet… unknown.
But the effects are obvious: Mental health consequences, lack of creativity, violent behaviors. Responding to the above, the regional director for Europe of the WHO dr Hans Henry Marcel Paul Kluge in an interview with “Vima” he analyzes the data of the Organization’s new report – these data come from an international survey Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) – repeating that the time for action has come.
What are the reasons for the sharp increase in problematic social media use by teenagers?
“It is due to several factors. Digital technologies are increasingly integrated into the daily lives of young people, often without adequate guidance on their healthy use. The pandemic has accelerated this trend, as lockdowns have further boosted online social interactions. Social media platforms use sophisticated design techniques, activating habit ‘circuits’, posing a particular challenge to developing adolescent brains.
We are also seeing a widening gap between rapid technological progress and slower digital literacy education, leaving many young people ill-equipped to navigate the online world responsibly. This combination of increased access, addictive design, and inadequate preparation has created a difficult environment for our youth.
Our data reveals that between 2018 and 2022 the number of 13-year-old girls in Greece struggling with compulsive use of social media increased from 16% to 20%. For 15-year-old girls, this percentage increased from 17% to 21%. These numbers are not just statistics. They represent real young people facing real challenges in managing their digital lives.”
And finally, what effect does this new behavior have on our children?
“Our research shows that it is associated with negative mental health consequences, including increased rates of anxiety and depression. It can disrupt sleep patterns, affecting physical health and academic performance. Excessive use can also lead to a neglect of off-line (ie, interpersonal) relationships and activities that are vital to healthy development, such as playing outside or interacting with friends and family. In some cases, it can expose young people to online risks such as cyberbullying or harmful content.”
Should we take immediate action? You mentioned recently that governments, health authorities, educators and parents need to play their part, but what are the steps that need to be taken?
“A comprehensive plan of action is needed. First, we need digital literacy programs embedded in school education from an early age. The goal is responsible and safe use of the Internet while developing critical thinking skills, including how to spot misinformation. Second, parents need support to effectively guide their children’s digital habits. Third, health care providers should be trained to recognize and address problematic use. Finally, we need to engage the technology industry to implement design features that promote healthy use. Collaboration between all these stakeholders is vital to creating a supportive digital environment for young people.”
But in the end, how easy is it for parents to guide teenagers through the “jungle” of social media?
“Parents often feel overwhelmed by this rapidly evolving digital landscape. Many grew up in an era before social media and may struggle to understand the platforms their children use. We need to empower parents with knowledge and practical tools, but also with the confidence to engage and talk ‘openly’ with their children about digital life. The role of parents should not be limited to how to set privacy settings or monitor screen time. It is necessary to encourage an ongoing dialogue where both parents and children can learn from each other to promote healthy habits in the evolving digital world.”
The tendency is for teenagers to acquire bad habits and often exhibit violent behaviors. So is the problem more general?
“Problem use is indeed part of a larger picture of changes in adolescent behaviour. It is closely linked to issues such as reduced exercise, unhealthy diet and an increase in cyberbullying and aggression. Social media can amplify these problems, but it can also be part of the solution when used positively. The key is to recognize the interconnectedness of these challenges and address them holistically.”
Recently the Greek government banned mobile phones in schools. Do you think “digital breaks” are a good… lesson for students?
“’Digital pauses’ can be valuable in creating spaces free of digital distractions. They can help students focus on personal interactions and academic work. However, these measures should be part of a wider strategy. Simply limiting access does not teach young people how to use technology responsibly. It is vital to combine these policies with education about healthy digital habits and the importance of balancing online and offline activities.”
Some claim that we often come to “demonize” social media.
“Social media is not inherently harmful. When used responsibly, they offer significant benefits. They can facilitate social contacts, especially for geographically isolated young people or those with common interests. They provide platforms for creative expression and can be a valuable tool for accessing information and educational resources. Some studies show that moderate use can enhance certain cognitive and social skills. The key is to promote a balanced, mindful practice that maximizes benefits and minimizes harms and risks.”
However, more and more European countries are in favor of stricter age restrictions…
“While age restrictions can play a role in protecting very young children, they are not a complete solution. Many teens find ways around these restrictions, potentially exposing themselves to inappropriate content. Our focus should be on equipping young people with the skills to enable them to navigate the digital world safely and responsibly.”
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