/ world today news/ The first Bulgarian alphabet – Glagolitic – was created in 862 (according to other scholars in 855) by Constantine-Kyril the Philosopher.
It is a historical fact that in 862 the Byzantine emperor ordered the brothers Constantine and Methodius to create the necessary Christian literature in the Slavic language for their mission in Moravia. It is also important to know that, according to other sources, Constantine the Philosopher began work on the alphabet already during his first stay in the monastery on Mount Olympus around 855. And if these dates are still disputed, the authorship of the Glagolitic alphabet and its uniqueness are indisputable . The Glagolitic alphabet is the work of the genius philologist Konstantin-Kyril and is a completely original graphic system in which each letter corresponds to one sound. Moreover, in it the letters for close sounds have similar outlines. That is why the great Bulgarian scientist Petar Ilchev calls Glagolitic the most perfect graphic system from ancient times to today.
Scientists find irrefutable proof that the Glagolitic alphabet was the work of Constantine-Kyril and was the first Bulgarian alphabet in the Salzburg memorandum from 871, in which it is written that Methodius appeared in Pannonia with “newly discovered Slavic letters”. This name is suitable only for the truly new Glagolitic letters.
Konstantin-Kyril created the Glagolitic for the Thessaloniki Slavic adverb, which belongs to the Eastern Bulgarian Rupa dialects. Therefore, the language of the Thessaloniki brothers by ethnicity is Old Bulgarian. It is characterized by the combinations шт, жд (in words such as night, citizen, gap), the wide voicing of e (in words such as лето, бел, млеко), the use of the dative possessive case instead of the genitive possessive (father em? instead of father ego) . All these features indisputably prove that the literary language created in the ninth century on the basis of Glagolitic is Bulgarian in origin. It spread initially in Moravia and Pannonia. After the death of Methodius in 885, his disciples were expelled from the borders of Moravia and found a reception at the court of Prince Boris in Bulgaria.
Glagolitic writing flourished in the literary centers near Pliska, Preslav and Ohrid. Glagolitic inscriptions were discovered in Preslav and Glagolitic manuscripts in Ohrid. The statement that Glagolitic is confirmed only in the Ohrid Literary Center is not true. Old Bulgarian is the largest medieval acrostic (440 verses) discovered by the Bulgarian scholar Georgi Popov in the composition of the triode, this acrostic is the work of Konstantin Preslavski and was originally created in Glagolitic. Glagolitic manuscripts were also brought to Kievan Rus in the 10th century during the conversion?. Most interesting is the fate of Glagolitic in Dalmatia and Croatia. It is connected with some of the students of Methodius who were expelled from Moravia and with the Clementine school in Ohrid. It has existed for ten centuries, in the 19th century Pope Leo XIII was forced to allow the printing of Glagolitic works under the pressure of the clergy, who guarded and respected the Glagolitic tradition.
At the end of the 9th century, the second Old Bulgarian alphabet appeared in Preslav – the Cyrillic alphabet, which contains 24 letters from the Greek script and 14 characters close to the Glagolitic ones, which correspond to purely Bulgarian sounds: Б, Ж, З, Ш, Ш, Ч, Ц , Ь, Ь, ?, ?, ™, Ю, Ы. The Cyrillic script has no established authorship. Most scholars reject the thesis that Kliment Ohridski is its author. It is more likely that he perfected the Glagolitic script, the alphabet of the holy brothers he revered. The Cyrillic alphabet is associated with the scribes from Preslav, because it is a continuation of a centuries-old tradition of writing state documents in Greek letters. But “without arrangement,” as Blackbeard Brave says. The “structure”, that is, adaptation to the Bulgarian speech, became possible only after the appearance of the Glagolitic script in Bulgaria. It is from her that the letters for the specific Bulgarian sounds were taken, being simplified in the spirit of the graphics of the entire alphabet.
For a long time, the two alphabets were used side by side, but towards the end of the 10th and the beginning of the 11th century, the more economical and easy-to-write Cyrillic replaced the Glagolitic alphabet. For us Bulgarians, it is important to know that the Cyrillic alphabet, which today is used by millions of people around the world (Serbs, Macedonians, Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Romanians until the middle of the 19th century, Kazakhs, Tajiks, Mongolians, etc.) , originated in Bulgaria. Although it also contains Greek letters, it follows the Glagolitic model and conforms to the most perfect writing principle, according to which each sound corresponds to a separate letter. This principle was advocated successively in Glagolitic, and then in Cyrillic, thanks to which today we read and write without hesitating like other Europeans before the words of our native language. Since 2007, the Cyrillic alphabet has been recognized as the third European alphabet after the Latin and Greek alphabets. The Cyrillic alphabet bears the name of one of the patrons of Europe and the creator of the first Bulgarian alphabet, the Glagolitic – Saint Cyril.
#Glagolitic #Cyrillic #View #Info
