TEMPO.CO, Jakarta – The term lactic acidosis has been widely discussed in recent times. This term is associated with the cause of death of infected patients pasien Covid-19.
Dilansir dari laman Isotekindo, asidosis laktat terjadi karena seseorang memproduksi asam laktat secara berlebihan atau prodik metabolitnya kurang dimanfaatkan dan tubuh tidak dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan adanya kelebihan laktat ini.
Jika produksi asam laktat di dalam tubuh lebih cepat daripada yang bisa dihilangkan, tingkat keasaman dalam darah akan melonjak. PH tubuh yang seharusnya selalu bersifat basa menjadi tidak seimbang.
Sejalan dengan hal tersebut, Meity Ardiana, pakar dari Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga yang juga merupakan dokter spesialis jantung dan pembuluh darah menjelaskan bahwa asidosis laktat adalah kondisi yang terjadi ketika produksi asam laktat melebihi pembersihan asam laktat.
Impaired tissue oxygenation either due to decreased oxygen delivery or lack of mitochondrial oxygen utilization can lead to increased lactate production.
Impaired tissue oxygenation can be caused by diseases of the lower respiratory tract such as pneumonia which is a clinical manifestation of Covid-19 infection.
“Under normal circumstances, the body produces lactic acid of 20 mmol/kg/day. This lactic acid will then be metabolized by the liver and kidneys. However, if tissue oxygenation decreases, the amount of lactate production will not be proportional to lactate metabolism. This causes the amount of lactate in the body to increase,” said Meity as quoted by Tempo from the UNAIR website, Thursday, July 22, 2021.
Meity explains that lactic acid is divided into two categories, namely type A and type B. In type A, lactic acidosis occurs with clinical evidence of poor tissue perfusion or blood oxygenation such as hypotension, cyanosis, cold extremities, and mottling. Whereas in type B, lactic acidosis occurs without clinical evidence of poor tissue perfusion or oxygenation.
Symptoms of lactic acidosis include extreme fatigue, fruity breath, confusion, jaundice, difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, muscle cramps, weakness, diarrhea, and headaches. If you find the following symptoms, you should immediately go to the emergency room.
Meity continued that there is currently no specific drug that can treat the condition lactic acidosis. He explained that therapy would be carried out but the aim was to correct the underlying cause of lactic acidosis and optimize blood oxygenation and tissue perfusion. “The doctor will evaluate what the cause of lactic acidosis is in the patient and then treat the cause,” he said.
MAGHVIRA ARZAQ KARIMA (MAGANG)
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