Table of Contents
- 1 G20 summit: disagreement on key issues
- 2 Weak formulations on Ukraine and Gaza conflict
- 3 Minor initiatives from the outgoing US President
- 4 Brazil as winner of the G20 summit
- 5 Criticism of climate protection formulations
- 6 Q: What strategies did Brazil implement to facilitate dialogue among the G20 member countries amidst significant geopolitical tensions?
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At the G20 summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the different political camps of the global community became clearly visible. Western countries had to make concessions, while Brazil, as host, was able to successfully push through its agenda.
Brazil’s President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (left) and India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi shake hands at the G20 summit (Photo: dpa).
Photo: Eraldo Peres
Notification of new articles:
G20 summit: disagreement on key issues
The G20 summit in Brazil once again showed the deep divisions between the world’s leading economic powers. Especially with regard to the wars in Ukraine and the Middle East, a joint declaration was only possible through painful compromises from a Western perspective. The host country Brazil, on the other hand, was able to enshrine many of its goals in the final declaration and was thus rewarded for its diplomatic efforts.
The G20 is made up of Western democracies such as the USA, Germany and Great Britain as well as authoritarian states such as Russia, China and Saudi Arabia. Between these two camps there are states such as Brazil, India and South Africa, which take a more neutral position. Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva refrained from putting the wars in Ukraine and the Middle East on the agenda. Instead, he championed the interests of the “global south,” the emerging economies of Latin America, Africa and Asia.
Weak formulations on Ukraine and Gaza conflict
The topic of the Ukraine war was only found in vague formulations in the final communiqué. There was no condemnation of Russia. The Hamas terrorist attack on Israel on October 7, 2023 was also not addressed. This was a disappointment for Germany, as it was emphasized before the summit that such a negotiation result was unacceptable. Ultimately, however, Germany agreed to the declaration.
Chancellor Olaf Scholz was disappointed with the result. He emphasized that it would be too little if the G20 did not find clear words about Russia’s responsibility in the Ukraine war. “I would have liked it to be different,” explained Scholz. Regarding the Gaza conflict, he also noted that it would have been helpful if the brutal terrorist attacks on Israel had been clearly addressed. French President Emmanuel Macron said that the text from the G20 summit in Brazil with regard to Ukraine fell short of the already known formulations. “We must make it clear that this is a war of aggression by Russia against Ukraine and our priority is to achieve lasting peace,” Macron said.
Minor initiatives from the outgoing US President
The fact that the Western positions received little attention at the G20 summit could also be due to the upcoming handover of office in the USA. The G20 summit in Brazil was a kind of farewell to the world stage for Joe Biden. The US announced few new initiatives during the summit, attributed to the upcoming changes under a possible future President Donald Trump.
Scholz, on the other hand, dealt intensively with the Ukraine conflict, although this topic was not officially on the agenda of the G20 summit. In Rio, he relied on support from Ukraine and stood in contrast to Biden, who did not promise Russia any further arms deliveries to Ukraine.
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Brazil as winner of the G20 summit
For Brazil’s President Lula, the summit in Rio was a success. He was able to push through many of his political demands and included issues such as the fight against hunger, climate change and reforms of international organizations in the final declaration. Even the idea of a tax on billionaires was included in the document, which is seen as progress, particularly from Brazil’s perspective.
Another result of the G20 summit was the agreement on greater taxation of the super-rich. Development Minister Svenja Schulze called this an important step towards greater fairness on a global level: “The current tax burden on billionaires is far too low compared to many others,” she said.
Criticism of climate protection formulations
Although the G20 states confirmed the goal of limiting global warming to a maximum of 1.5 degrees in the final document, there was criticism here too. In particular, it was criticized that no binding commitment to move away from fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal was made. Stela Herschmann, a climate expert at Observatório do Clima, described the lack of such a commitment as shocking. The G20 summit in Brazil not only showed the divided global community, but also how difficult it is to reach agreement in global crises. But for hosts Brazil it was a moment of success, with the international community at least partially responding to their concerns.
Q: What strategies did Brazil implement to facilitate dialogue among the G20 member countries amidst significant geopolitical tensions?
Ed questions to elicit gist and detailed responses.
Q: What are the main reasons for the deep divisions between the world’s leading economic powers, as evident at the G20 summit in Brazil?
Q: How did the neutral position of Brazil’s President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva affect the final declaration of the summit?
Q: In the final declaration of the G20 summit, what are some significant issues that Brazil was able to push through despite the global divisions?
Q: Can you discuss the implications of the G20 summit’s decision to not condemn Russia for its actions in the Ukraine war or address the Hamas terrorist attacks on Israel?
Q: How did the outgoing US President’s lack of new initiatives affect the outcome of the G20 summit?
Q: As a developing country, how did Brazil benefit from hosting the G20 summit and what were some of the key goals it wanted to achieve during the event?
