ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), S. Dagnello (NRAO/AUI/NSF)
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Illustration of a circumplanetary disk discovered in 2021 around a young planet in the PDS 70 star system.
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Nationalgeographic.co.id—Scientists used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to study the formation of planet. They are also partnered with the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO).
Thanks to ALMA and NRAO, researchers were able to detect gas for the first time in a circumplanetary disk. What’s more, this detection also indicates the presence planet ekstrasurya very young. The results of this study were published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters on July 27. The paper is entitled Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS): A Circumplanetary Disk Candidate in Molecular-line Emission in the AS 209 Disk.
A circumplanetary disk is an accumulation of torus, pancake, or ring-shaped matter composed of gas, dust, planetesimals, asteroids, or collisional fragments in orbit around a planet. Around the planets, they are reservoirs of material from which moons (or exomoons or subsatellites) can form. Such a disc can manifest itself in various ways.
In August 2018 astronomers reported the possible detection of a planetary disk around CS Cha B. The authors state that, “The CS Cha system is the only system in which a circumplanetary disk is likely to be present as well as a resolved circumstellar disk.” However, in 2020, the parameters of CS Cha B were revised, making it an increasing red dwarf star, and making the disk circumstellar.
ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), A. Sierra (U. Chile)
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AS 209 is a young star in the constellation Ophiuchus that scientists have now determined to host one of the youngest exoplanets ever to exist.
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ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), J. Bae (U.Florida)
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Scientists studying the young star AS 209 have detected gas in a circumplanetary disk for the first time, indicating that the star system may harbor a very young Jupiter-mass planet. A science image from the study shows (right) a clump-like emission of light emanating from an empty gap in a highly structured seven-ring disk (left).
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The circular disc is a collection of gas, dust, and debris around a young planet. This disc gave rise to the moon and other small rocky bodies. It also controls the growth of the young giant planet.
Studying these disks at their earliest stages could help scientists explain the formation of our own Solar System. This includes Jupiter’s Galilean moons, which scientists believe formed in the disk surrounding Jupiter about 4.5 billion years ago.
When scientists studied AS 209, a young star located about 395 light-years from Earth in the constellation Ophiuchus. At that time they observed a clump of light emitted in the middle of the empty gas gap surrounding the star. That led to the detection of a circumplanetary disk surrounding a potential Jupiter-mass planet. Scientists observe the system closely. Both because of the distance of the planet from its star and the age of the star. The exoplanet is located more than 200 astronomical units or 18.59 billion miles away from the parent star, challenging currently accepted theories of planet formation. And if the estimated age of the parent star is only 1.6 million years is correct. Thus, this exoplanet could be one of the youngest ever detected.
Further study is urgently needed, and scientists hope that future observations with the James Webb Space Telescope will confirm the planet’s existence.
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