Léon Thévenin: The Ship Keeping Africa Online After Undersea Cable damage

A vessel the size of a football field, the Léon Thévenin, and its crew of over 50 engineers and technicians, tirelessly navigate the waters surrounding africa.Their mission is vital: to maintain the continent’s internet connectivity. Last year’s widespread internet disruptions, caused by damage to undersea cables, highlighted the crucial service the Léon Thévenin provides. millions from Lagos to Nairobi experienced digital darkness, with messaging apps failing and banking transactions grinding to a halt, impacting both businesses and individuals. The ship is equipped to handle repairs at depths exceeding 5,000 meters below sea level.

The Léon Thévenin was instrumental in repairing the multiple cable failures that caused the blackouts. For the past 13 years, this specialized ship has been dedicated to this essential repair work. A BBC team recently spent a week aboard the vessel off the coast of Ghana, witnessing firsthand the dedication and expertise of the crew. The ship’s ongoing mission highlights the critical importance of these underwater networks and the skilled professionals who keep them running.

The Pride of the Crew

Shuru Arendse, a cable jointer from South Africa, has been working on the ship for over a decade. He expressed his sense of purpose, stating, Because of me, countries stay connected.

Arendse further emphasized the importance of his work:

IT people at home have work as I bring the main feed in. You have heroes that save lives – I’m a hero as I save dialog.

Shuru Arendse, Cable jointer

His pride reflects the sentiment shared by the skilled crew of the Léon Thévenin, an eight-story vessel equipped with a wide array of specialized equipment. The crew’s dedication is essential to maintaining the flow of facts across the continent.

The Undersea Network

The internet relies on a network of computers and servers. Accessing this article likely involves data transmitted through one of the 600 fibre optic cables spanning the globe. Most servers are located in data centers outside Africa, connected to coastal cities on the continent via these undersea cables.These cables are the arteries of the digital world,carrying vast amounts of data across oceans.

Data travels through hair-thin fibreglass wires, grouped in pairs and protected by layers of plastic and copper, varying based on their proximity to the shore. Benjamin Smith, the Léon Thévenin’s deputy chief of mission, explained the necessity of these connections:

As long as the servers aren’t in the country, you need a connection. A cable runs from one country to the next, linking users to servers that store their data – whether its accessing Facebook or any other online service.

Benjamin smith, Deputy Chief of Mission, Léon Thévenin

causes of cable Damage

Undersea fibre optic cables are designed to last for 25 years with minimal maintenance. Though, damage frequently occurs due to human activities. Charles Heald, who oversees the ship’s remotely operated vehicle (ROV), elaborated on the common causes:

The cable generally doesn’t break on its own unless you’re in an area where there are pretty high currents and very sharp rocks. But most of the time it’s people anchoring where they shouldn’t and fishing trawlers sometimes scrape along the seabed, so typically we would see scars from trawling.

Charles Heald, In Charge of ROV

smith added that natural disasters, particularly in regions with extreme weather, can also damage cables. He cited the Congo River’s impact on cables off the coast of the Democratic Republic of Congo:

In the Congo Canyon, where they have a lot of rainfall and low tide, it could create currents that damage the cable.

Benjamin Smith, Deputy Chief of Mission, Léon Thévenin

While deliberate sabotage is arduous to confirm, the crew of the Léon thévenin stated they have not encountered any clear evidence of it. The primary threats remain accidental damage from human activities and the forces of nature.

Recent Cable Disruptions

In the past year, several important cable disruptions have impacted internet connectivity in Africa. A year ago, three critical cables in the Red Sea – Seacom, AAE-1, and EIG – were severed, reportedly by a ship’s anchor, affecting connectivity for millions across East Africa, including Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Mozambique. These disruptions highlight the vulnerability of the undersea network and the potential for widespread outages.

In March 2024, breaks in the Wacs, Ace, Sat-3, and MainOne cables off the coast of West Africa caused severe internet blackouts across Nigeria, Ghana, Ivory Coast, and Liberia. The impact was felt across all internet-dependent services, with repairs taking weeks. The incident underscored the need for redundant systems and rapid response capabilities.

In May, further damage to the Seacom and Eassy cables off the coast of South Africa once again disrupted connectivity in East African nations. These repeated incidents emphasize the ongoing challenges in maintaining a reliable undersea network.

Detecting and Repairing Faults

Faults are detected by monitoring electricity and signal strength within the cables. Loic Wallerand,the ship’s chief of mission,explained the detection process:

There may be 3,000 volts in a cable and suddenly it drops to 50 volts,this means there’s a problem.

Loic Wallerand, Chief of Mission, Léon Thévenin

Local teams can handle faults in shallow waters,but the Léon Thévenin is called upon for repairs beyond 50 meters (164 feet). The ship’s crew can repair cables at depths exceeding 5,000 meters below sea level. The repair witnessed by the BBC off the coast of Ghana took over a week, though most internet users were unaffected as traffic was rerouted through option cables. This rerouting capability is crucial in minimizing the impact of cable damage.

Conclusion

The Léon Thévenin and its dedicated crew play an indispensable role in maintaining Africa’s internet infrastructure. By swiftly repairing damaged undersea cables,they ensure that millions of people remain connected,supporting economies and facilitating communication across the continent. The ship’s ongoing mission highlights the critical importance of these underwater networks and the skilled professionals who keep them running.Their work is essential for the continued growth and development of Africa’s digital landscape.

Undersea Internet Cable Repairs: A Deep Dive into How Broken Fibers are fixed

The internet’s backbone lies beneath the ocean’s surface, a network of cables crucial for global communication. When these cables are damaged,specialized crews aboard vessels like the Léon Thévenin spring into action. The nature of the repair hinges on the type of damage sustained. A break in the fiberglass core means data can’t travel, necessitating rerouting.For some African nations served by onyl one cable, this can mean a complete internet outage. Other times, damage to the protective layers reduces data transmission efficiency.In either scenario, pinpointing the exact location of the fault is paramount. The process involves sophisticated technology and dedicated professionals who face numerous challenges to keep the world connected.

Locating the Damage: A High-Tech Scavenger Hunt

the first step in repairing a damaged undersea cable is to locate the precise point of failure. The method used depends on the nature of the damage. When the fiberglass core is broken, preventing data transmission, a light signal is sent through the cable. By analyzing the point of reflection,the crew can determine the location of the break. This technique allows for relatively rapid identification of the problem area. However, when the issue lies with the cable’s insulation, known as a “shunt fault,” the process becomes more intricate.

Undersea Cable Repairs: A Lifeline for Africa’s internet Connectivity

When undersea cables break, specialized ships and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) are deployed for complex repairs. The process involves signal tracking, cable cutting, splicing, and re-laying, frequently enough taking days.Crews aboard vessels like the Léon Thévenin face challenges such as long deployments and bureaucratic delays to maintain Africa’s vital internet link. The work underscores the critical role these cables play in global communication and the sacrifices made by those who maintain them.

The repair of undersea internet cables is a complex and crucial undertaking, ensuring the flow of data that underpins modern society. When these vital arteries of global communication are damaged,specialized teams aboard vessels like the Léon Thévenin spring into action. Their mission: to restore connectivity as quickly and efficiently as possible.

Locating the Fault: A Signal’s Journey

the first step in repairing a damaged undersea cable is pinpointing the location of the break. This involves sending a signal along the cable and meticulously tracking where the signal is lost. This process requires specialized equipment and a keen eye for detail.

The Role of the ROV: A Submersible Workhorse

Once the potential area of the fault is narrowed down, the operation shifts to the Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) team. The ROV, a 9.5-tonne machine resembling a bulldozer, is lowered into the water from the repair ship. Guided to the ocean floor, this submersible workhorse is equipped with advanced tools and cameras.

According to mr. Heald, the ROV “doesn’t sink,” but rather uses four horizontal and vertical thrusters to navigate in any direction. A team of about five crew members, along with a crane operator, work to deploy the ROV, carefully releasing it from its harness, known as the umbilical cord.

The ROV’s three cameras provide the team onboard the ship with a clear view of the ocean floor, allowing them to pinpoint the precise location of the fault. Once located,the ROV uses its two arms to cut the affected section of the cable. the damaged portion is then attached to a rope and hauled back to the ship for repair.

Repairing the Cable: A Delicate Operation

Back on the ship, the faulty section of the cable is isolated and replaced. this involves splicing and joining the existing cable to a new segment, a process akin to welding. In one instance witnessed, this operation took 24 hours to complete.

After the repair, the cable is carefully lowered back to the ocean bed. The ROV then makes a final inspection to ensure the cable is properly positioned and to record coordinates for updated maps.

challenges and Sacrifices: The Human Cost of Connectivity

While the technology involved in undersea cable repair is notable, the human element is equally critical. The crew of the Léon Thévenin must be ready to sail within 24 hours of receiving an alert about a damaged cable. However, response times can vary depending on the ship’s location, the availability of spare cables, and bureaucratic hurdles.

Mr. Wallerand notes that “permits can take weeks.Sometimes we sail to the affected country and wait offshore until the paperwork is sorted.”

On average, the crew spends more than six months at sea each year. Captain Thomas Quehec acknowledges that “it’s part of the job,” but the extended periods away from home take a personal toll.

The crew members come from diverse backgrounds and nationalities, including French, South African, Filipino, and Malagasy. Adrian Morgan, the ship’s chief steward from South africa, has missed five consecutive wedding anniversaries.

I wanted to quit. It was difficult to stay away from my family, but my wife encouraged me.I do it for them, he says, highlighting the sacrifices made to maintain global connectivity.

Noel Goeieman,a maintenance fitter also from South Africa,expressed concern about perhaps missing his son’s wedding due to another mission.I’ve heard we might go to Durban [in South africa]. My son is going to be very sad as he doesn’t have a mum, says Mr. Goeieman, who lost his wife three years ago. He adds with a smile, But I’m retiring in six months.

Despite the emotional challenges, camaraderie is strong onboard.When off-duty, crew members relax by playing video games or sharing meals.Their paths to this profession are varied.While Mr. Goeieman followed in his father’s footsteps, Remario Smith, the chief cook from South Africa, sought a life at sea to escape a life of crime.

I was involved in gangs when I was younger, Mr. Smith says. My child was born when I turned 25, and I knew I had to change my life.

Like his colleagues, smith appreciates the ship’s vital role in connecting Africa to the world. Chief engineer Ferron Hartzenberg aptly states, We are the link between Africa and the world.

Conclusion

The repair of undersea internet cables is a complex undertaking that combines advanced technology with the dedication and sacrifice of skilled professionals.Crews like those aboard the Léon Thévenin work tirelessly to ensure that the world remains connected, frequently enough at a personal cost.Their efforts are essential for maintaining the flow of facts and communication that underpins modern society.

Africa’s Internet Connectivity Disrupted by Undersea Cable Damage

Several African nations are grappling with significant internet disruptions following damage to multiple undersea cables. The incident has triggered widespread connectivity issues, affecting businesses, communication, and various online services across the continent. The simultaneous damage to these critical cables underscores the fragility of Africa’s digital infrastructure and its reliance on these underwater arteries for internet access.

The damage to the undersea cables has had an immediate and noticeable impact. Users across affected countries are experiencing slower internet speeds, intermittent connectivity, and in some cases, complete outages. This disruption is not only an inconvenience for individual users but also poses a significant challenge for businesses that rely on stable internet connections for their daily operations.

The incident serves as a stark reminder of the vital role undersea cables play in the global internet infrastructure. These cables, frequently enough thousands of miles long, are responsible for carrying the vast majority of internet traffic around the world. Damage to these cables, whether accidental or intentional, can have far-reaching consequences, as evidenced by the current situation in Africa.

While the exact cause of the damage remains under examination, incidents involving undersea cables are not uncommon. They can be caused by a variety of factors,including ship anchors,fishing trawlers,and even natural disasters like earthquakes and underwater landslides.Repairing these cables is a complex and time-consuming process,often requiring specialized vessels and equipment.

The current disruptions highlight the need for greater investment in redundant internet infrastructure in Africa. relying on a limited number of undersea cables makes the continent vulnerable to widespread outages in the event of damage. Diversifying internet access routes and investing in alternative technologies,such as satellite internet,can help to mitigate the impact of future disruptions.

The incident also underscores the importance of international cooperation in protecting undersea cables. These cables are a shared resource, and their security and reliability are essential for the functioning of the global internet. Governments,telecommunications companies,and international organizations must work together to ensure the safety and resilience of this critical infrastructure.

As repair efforts get underway, users in affected countries are bracing for continued disruptions. The incident serves as a wake-up call, highlighting the need for greater investment in internet infrastructure and security to ensure reliable and affordable access for all Africans.

Undersea Cables: The Lifeline of Africa’s Internet – An Exclusive Interview

Imagine a world where a single severed cable plunges millions into digital darkness. That’s the reality for much of Africa, highlighting the critical vulnerability of its internet infrastructure.

World-Today-News.com Senior Editor (WTN): Dr. Anya Sharma, a leading expert in global telecommunications infrastructure, welcome to World-Today-News.com. Your expertise on undersea cable networks is highly regarded. Could you begin by outlining the critical role these cables play in maintaining Africa’s internet connectivity?

Dr.Sharma: Absolutely. Undersea fiber optic cables are the unsung heroes of global dialog, and this is especially true for the African continent. These cables are the primary arteries of internet access for many African nations, carrying the vast majority of data traffic for everything from everyday communication to crucial financial transactions. Without robust and reliable undersea cable networks, Africa’s economic progress and digital inclusion would suffer considerably. Think about online banking, e-commerce, healthcare services, and even access to education—all deeply reliant on these underwater systems.

WTN: The articles we’ve published highlight the recent disruptions caused by cable damage. what are the most common causes of these disruptions, and how meaningful is the impact on individuals and businesses?

Dr. Sharma: Several factors contribute to undersea cable damage. Fishing trawlers dragging their nets across the seabed, poorly placed anchors from ships, and even natural events like earthquakes and strong currents can cause significant damage. The consequences can be severe. Broken cables lead to internet outages, impacting millions of people who rely on the internet for their daily lives. Businesses, especially those reliant on digital communication and online transactions, suffer immediate losses and disruptions to their operations. The economic impact of extended outages can be enormous, affecting everything from trade and commerce to healthcare delivery.

WTN: The Léon Thévenin, a specialized repair vessel, is frequently mentioned. Can you describe the challenges involved in repairing these damaged cables?

Undersea Cable Repairs: A Lifeline for Africa’s Internet Connectivity

The internet’s lifeline beneath the waves: discover the critical role of specialized ships and their crews in maintaining Africa’s digital infrastructure. when undersea fiber optic cables fail, impacting millions, vessels like the Léon Thévenin spring into action, facing immense challenges too restore connectivity and keep the continent online.

The Léon Thévenin: Africa’s Internet Guardian

the Léon Thévenin, a ship the size of a football field, and its crew of over 50 engineers and technicians tirelessly patrol the waters surrounding Africa. Their mission is crucial: to repair the undersea cables that form the backbone of the continent’s internet infrastructure. The ship is equipped to handle repairs at depths exceeding 5,000 meters, a testament to the complexity of this vital work. A recent BBC documentary showcased the dedication and expertise of the crew, highlighting their critical role in keeping millions connected.

A Crew’s Pride

Shuru Arendse, a cable jointer from South Africa, eloquently captures the significance of their work: “As of me, countries stay connected. IT people at home have work as I bring the main feed in. You have heroes who save lives – I’m a hero as I save dialog.”

The Challenges of Undersea Cable Repair

Locating the Damage

Pinpointing the location of a break in an undersea cable is the first critical step. This process involves complex signal tracking techniques,which differ depending on whether the cable’s fiber core or its protective layers are damaged. A break in the fiber core halts data transmission completely and is easier to locate,while insulation damage (“shunt fault”) requires a more complex investigation.

The Role of the ROV

Once the location is identified, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) are deployed. these remotely controlled submersibles navigate the ocean floor, using advanced tools and cameras to inspect and repair the damaged cable. The process often involves cutting, splicing, and re-laying sections of cable, a complex and time-consuming undertaking.

Causes of Cable Damage

While undersea cables are designed for longevity, damage is frequent.Common causes include:

• Accidental damage from ships’ anchors and fishing trawlers.
• Natural disasters, especially in areas prone to extreme whether.

Impact of Cable Disruptions

cable failures can have devastating consequences, leading to widespread internet outages across many African nations. Recent incidents highlight the vulnerability of the continent’s undersea network and the urgent need for redundancy.

Conclusion

The work of the Léon Thévenin and its dedicated crew is essential for maintaining Africa’s digital infrastructure and supporting its economic and social progress. Their dedication ensures that millions remain connected, showcasing the critical importance of these unsung heroes of the digital age.