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[1]: COSMOS NIRSpec home page – JWST NIRSpec – Cosmos – European Space Agency Nirspec. NIRSpec is the near-infrared spectrometer of the JWST. … The MOS mode allows slit-spectra of ~ 100 sources to be obtained together. NIRSpec will be the frist spectrograph in space that has this capability. The instrument operates in the wavelength range 0.6-5.3 micron, with a spectral resolutions of 100, 1000, and 2700.
URL: [https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/jwst-nirspec](https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/jwst-nirspec)
[2]: Fitting infrared ice spectra with genetic modelling algorithms In addition, these methods are usually limited to a short wavelength range to address a small set of spectral components (e.g.3−5; Pontoppidan et al. 2003; … In this test, a synthetic ice spectrum is created based on the median ice composition derived by Öberg et al. (2011) towards low-mass protostars, …
URL: [https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2021/10/aa39360-20/aa39360-20.html](https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2021/10/aa39360-20/aa39360-20.html)
[3]: JWST Reveals CO Ice, Concentrated CO 2 Deposits, and Evidence for … We compared the detected CO 2 features to synthetic spectra of CO 2 ice and mixtures of CO 2 with CO, H 2 O, and amorphous carbon, finding that CO 2 could be concentrated in deposits thicker than ∼10 mm on Ariel’s trailing hemisphere. … We report observations of Ariel’s leading and trailing hemispheres, collected with NIRSpec (2.87-5. … Synthetic ice spectra of a ‘simple’ ice composition, containing onyl the major ice species and S-bearing molecules in the NIRSpec wavelengths. The spectral information used for each species (band shapes, positions and band strengths) are listed in Table A.1. The column densities of H2O, CO, CO2, CH3OH used to plot these spectra are, respectively, 3.0 × 1018, 3.0 × 1017, 3.0 × 1017, and 5.0 × 1017 molecules cm−2, while we assume 1.0 × 1016 molecules cm−2 for all four S-bearing species (H2S, OCS, SO2, and CS2). The zoom panel emphasises the low band strength of the band corresponding to H2S, and also its overlapping with the methanol combination mode. The red line is the signal that would be obtained with the most basic settings in SynthIceSpec (pure species with no mixing).in this wavelength range, of the S-bearing species, only OCS and H2S present absorption features. — astro-ph.GA
—The provided text discusses a study on the detection of sulfur-bearing molecules using the James webb Space Telescope (JWST). Here’s a summary and some key points:
- Study Objective: the aim was to simulate spectra to study the feasibility of detecting sulfur-bearing species (H2S, SO2, and S8) with JWST.
- challenges in Detection:
– Overlap of absorption features with other species.
- Mixing of molecular species in the ice, affecting the profile and central position of targeted bands.
- Detectable Molecules:
– H2S in dense clouds.
– SO2 in Low-Mass Young Stellar Objects (LYSOs) and Massive Young Stellar Objects (MYSOs), given favorable conditions.
- Undetectable Molecule:
– S8 would remain undetected, even if all available sulfur atoms were involved in its formation.
- Implications: Detecting or setting upper limits on the abundance of H2S or SO2 would validate current understanding of sulfur chemistry and offer opportunities for future comparisons.
The study was conducted by A. Taillard and others, and the paper is available on arXiv with the identifier arXiv:2502.09384 [astro-ph.GA].
Unveiling the Frontiers of Astrobiology and Astrochemistry
Table of Contents
In the vast expanse of the cosmos, the fields of astrobiology and astrochemistry are emerging as beacons of scientific exploration. These disciplines, which delve into the origins and potential existence of life beyond Earth, are gaining significant traction, thanks to advancements in space technology and international collaborations.
The Role of Space Experiments
Space experiments play a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of astrobiology and astrochemistry.The International Space Station (ISS) serves as a prime example of a platform where such experiments are conducted.These experiments are technically challenging but scientifically crucial, providing insights that ground-based research cannot offer [1[1[1[1].
india’s Contribution to Space
The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) has been instrumental in India’s space explorations. The institute recently published a special issue on astrochemistry and astrobiology, highlighting their importance in the broader context of space exploration. This initiative underscores India’s commitment to advancing these fields, with a focus on both global and national contributions [2[2[2[2].
Foundational Principles and Research
for those new to these fields, understanding the basic principles is essential. “Astrochemistry and Astrobiology,” a debut volume in the series “Physical Chemistry in Action,” outlines the physico-chemical principles that underpin our attempts to understand astrochemistry and predict astrobiology. This comprehensive guide is aimed at both novice and experienced researchers, providing a solid foundation for further exploration [3[3[3[3].
Summary of Key Points
To encapsulate the meaning and scope of astrobiology and astrochemistry, here is a summary table:
| Field | Key focus Areas |
|——————-|————————————————————————————–|
| Astrobiology | Origins of life, search for extraterrestrial life, habitability of other planets |
| Astrochemistry| Chemical processes in space, formation of molecules, interaction of radiation with chemicals |
Conclusion
The convergence of astrobiology and astrochemistry is not just a scientific pursuit; it is a journey towards understanding our place in the universe. As we continue to explore the cosmos, these fields will undoubtedly play a crucial role in shaping our future discoveries and perhaps, one day, finding life beyond Earth.
For more in-depth insights, visit the International Space Station’s website and explore the Indian Institute of Science’s special issue on astrochemistry and astrobiology.
Unveiling the Secrets of Sulfur in Space: An Interview with A. Taillard
Interviewer: Dr. Taillard, thank you for taking the time to speak with us today about your exciting research on sulfur-bearing molecules in space. Can you tell us more about the key findings from your study?
A. Taillard: It’s my pleasure! Our goal was to explore the feasibility of detecting sulfur-bearing molecules with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We used simulations to analyze the potential spectral features of molecules like H2S, SO2, and S8.
Interviewer: And what did your simulations reveal?
A. Taillard: Well, we found that while H2S in dense clouds and SO2 in certain types of star-forming regions (specifically, Low-Mass Young Stellar Objects (LYSOs) and Massive Young Stellar Objects (MYSOs)) had promising chances of detection, S8 would likely remain undetected even if all available sulfur atoms were involved in its formation.
Interviewer: That’s quiet intriguing! What are the primary challenges in accurately detecting these molecules?
A. Taillard: The biggest hurdles are spectral overlap and molecular mixing. The absorption features of sulfur-bearing molecules can often overlap with those of other abundant molecules in interstellar ice, making it difficult to isolate their signals.Additionally, molecules in these icy environments don’t exist in isolation; they mix and interact, which further complicates the spectral profiles.
Interviewer: It sounds incredibly complex.
A. Taillard: It certainly is! But that’s what makes it so interesting. Even with these challenges, the potential rewards are immense. Detecting or setting upper limits on the abundance of H2S or SO2 would validate current models of sulfur chemistry in space and open up new avenues for exploring the origin and evolution of planetary systems.
Interviewer: Your work highlights the sheer power and potential of the JWST. What are your hopes for future observations with this remarkable telescope?
A. Taillard: I’m incredibly excited about what the future holds.With its unprecedented sensitivity and resolution, the JWST will allow us to delve deeper into the composition of interstellar ices and perhaps even detect previously unknown sulfur-containing species. This will undoubtedly revolutionize our understanding of sulfur’s role in the universe, from the formation of planets to the potential for life beyond Earth.
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This interview highlights the exciting potential of the James Webb Space Telescope to unravel the mysteries of sulfur-bearing molecules in the cosmos, pushing the boundaries of our understanding of astrochemistry and astrobiology.