is grappling with yet another outbreak of a deadly disease, Marburg virus disease (MVD). The disease, which is similar to Ebola, has claimed several lives in the African nation. The outbreak is said to have started in March and has continued to spread, with the government and international organizations now racing against time to contain it. In this article, we delve deeper into what MVD is, its symptoms, and the efforts being made to curb its spread in Equatorial Guinea.
The outbreak of Marburg virus disease (MVD) in Equatorial Guinea has resulted in 15 laboratory-confirmed cases and 23 probable cases since the outbreak declaration on 13 February 2023. Among the laboratory-confirmed cases, 11 deaths have been recorded, resulting in a Case Fatality Ratio (CFR) of 78.6%, with one confirmed case outcome still unknown. All the probable cases have died. Bata in Litoral province has reported the maximum of nine laboratory-confirmed MVD cases.
WHO is supporting the Ministry of Health in Equatorial Guinea by strengthening different response pillars, including surveillance, laboratory diagnosis and management of cases, infection prevention and control, risk communication, and community engagement. WHO has assessed the public health risk as very high at the national level, high at sub-regional level, moderate at the regional level, and low at the global level.
Marburg virus spreads between people through broken skin or mucous membranes with the blood, secretions, organs, or other bodily fluids of infected people, and with surfaces and materials contaminated with these fluids. The incubation period varies from two to 21 days. The disease causes haemorrhagic fever with high mortality. Severe haemorrhagic manifestations may appear between five and seven days from symptom onset. Burial ceremonies with direct contact with the deceased body can also contribute to the transmission of Marburg virus.
The Equatorial Guinea government has activated a regional public health emergency operation center, and regular meetings are held by the MoH to coordinate response activities at national, regional, and district levels. WHO is supporting the Ministry of Health in setting up an alert and dispatch center, training for surveillance activities, and epidemiological data collection and management system. A laboratory with RT-PCR capacities for MVD diagnostic has been set up in Bata, and sequencing capacities are under consideration. An operational treatment and isolation center has been established in Bata for clinical care, with additional treatment facilities in other districts planned. The IPC task force has initiated an IPC Scorecard for health facility IPC practices and a national IPC strategy. Safe and dignified burials teams have been established, and RCCE activities are being carried out. WHO is providing technical support for preparedness in Gabon and Cameroon.
In conclusion, the outbreak of Marburg virus disease in Equatorial Guinea serves as a stark reminder of the devastating impact that infectious diseases can have on populations. Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic, the tireless efforts of healthcare workers and international organizations have been crucial in containing the spread of the disease and saving lives.
As we continue to confront the threat of emerging infectious diseases, it is vital that we remain vigilant and work together to ensure that the global health community is equipped to respond rapidly and effectively to outbreaks. By investing in innovative research, strengthening healthcare systems, and supporting frontline workers, we can help to prevent the spread of deadly diseases and protect vulnerable populations around the world.
