This article was originally published in English
World leaders meet in Baku from November 11 to 22 to discuss the climate crisis and its financing. We break down the climate change numbers into eight key charts.
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The 29th COP29 Climate Change Summit began in Baku (Azerbaijan) November 11. World leaders, climate experts and activists will hold debates on the climate crisisuntil November 22.
At the center of the Baku debates is climate finance, which seeks to establish a target for financial aid directed to developing countriesfunding considered essential to help these nations reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change.
A breakdown of COP observers over the years
Preliminary evaluations indicate that 2024 It will almost certainly be the hottest year on record, surpassing the maximum reached in 2023.
And for the first time, the planet reached this year more than 1.5 degrees Celsius warming compared to the pre-industrial average, as reported last week by the European climate agency Copernicus.
Global Earth Surface Temperature
The European Union, together with large historical emitters such as the United States and the United Kingdom, has reduced greenhouse gas emissions by about a third since 1990.
Despite this, Global CO2 emissions have continued to increasegoing from 22.6 million metric tons (Mton) in 1990 to 39.02 Mton in 2023, according to UN data.
Las China emissions have increased to 13.2 Mton in 2023, reflecting the country’s growing contribution to global emissions.
Large countries such as China, the United States and India are the largest total CO2 emitters, but the nations of the Arabian Peninsula lead emissions per capita. Data from the European Union shows that Qatar has the highest emissions per person, followed by Kuwait, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia.
Greenhouse gas emissions per capita 2023
Many countries have longer-term global goals to achieve net zero emissions by 2050.
By 2023, the EU had reduced its emissions of greenhouse gases 34% compared to 1990 levels. However, it is still far from its goal of climate neutrality by 2050.
In the EU, all sectors recorded a reduction in gas emissions greenhouse effect in 2023 compared to 2022.
Global emissions trends by sector
He energy sector experienced the most significant declinewith a drop in emissions of 20.1%. It was closely followed by the combustion and industrial processes sector, whose emissions decreased by 8.1% compared to the previous year.
Data shows that fossil fuels remain the dominant energy source in most countries, although a notable increase in the use of renewable energy is observed throughout the world, especially in regions such as Europe, the United States and China.
In the first six months of 2024, half of the EU’s electricity came from renewable sourcessurpassing fossil fuels, according to the European Commission.
What energy sources do we depend on around the world?
In 2023, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the main international body for assessing climate change, outlined five possible future scenarios to model the global temperature changes until 2100based on various factors such as population growth and CO2 emissions.
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The most hopeful scenario, SSP1-1.9, foresees an increase of just 1.4°C, achieved through a significant reduction in emissions. Conversely, if greenhouse gas emissions remain at current levels and net zero is not achieved by 2100, Global temperatures could rise by more than 2°Caccording to the provisions of SSP2-4.5.
In the most alarming scenario, SSP5-8.5, global temperatures could soar an average of 4.4°Cdriven by a doubling of current emissions levels.
