Discovered for the first time in a black hole of the “ precession of the orbital plane due to general relativity ”? | sorae portal site for the universe

As binary stars rotate around each other, their orbits graduallyprecessionTo do. When turning the top, you can observe not only the rotation of the top itself, but also the rotation of the axis of the top, which is the precession. In astronomy the precession of the rotation axis of a celestial body is generally well known, but it is also known that the orbital plane of the celestial body also undergoes precession.

In particular, if one or both of the binary stars rotate rapidly,The precession of the orbital plane occurs due to the effects of general relativityIt is known that If the object is rotating rapidly,Inertial frame drag effectThis is because a phenomenon called, which affects the orbit occurs.

Simply put, a rapidly rotating object “wraps” spacetime around it, causing spacetime distortion to change the direction of the object’s movement. This effect is greater the faster the object rotates, the heavier the object itself and the smaller the orbital orbit.

The actual existence of this effect is a pulsar binary star system.PSR B1913 + 16“is confirmed. However, the precession of the orbital plane was extremely small even in binary pulsar systems where the effect of general relativity is relatively strong. For PSR B1913 + 16, the precession period is 75 years.

If we could observe an effect stronger than this, it would be a binary system of black holes spinning at high speed. However, unlike pulsars, which are capable of extremely accurate observations using electromagnetic waves, it has been extremely difficult to observe the precession of black holes, which do not emit electromagnetic waves per se. Gravitational wave telescopes have broken through this situation and since we first observed it in 2015 we have been able to observe many binary systems of black holes using gravitational waves. If the black hole binary were in precession, it would be possible to observe how the amplitude of gravitational waves changes over time.

[▲Figura:LasorgentediGW200129appenaprimacheiduebuchinerisifondano.Puoivederechel’asseorbitale(frecciaviola)precesseinbrevetempo.Questocambieràinbrevetempoappenaprimadellacoalescenzapoichél’orbitadiventapiùpiccola.(Creditoimmagine:VijayVarmaeMaxIsi)]

On January 29, 2020, an international research team led by Mark Hannam of Cardiff University identified gravitational waves captured by the American gravitational-wave telescope LIGO and the European gravitational-wave telescope Virgo in Italy.GW200129And announced that he had discovered the precession of the orbital plane. This is the first discovery of a black hole. What is surprising is the strength of the effect. In the last few seconds before the merger, black holes that had formed a binary star go through precession cycles many times.This is an effect 10 billion times stronger than RDP B1913 + 16is.

However, this discovery raises questions. From signal GW200129,A black hole rotates at a speed comparable to the theoretical upper limitis provided. The fact that no such signal was detected prior to the observation of GW200129 means that black hole tracks spinning at such a high speed are rare. Among the 80 gravitational waves observed so far, it is estimated that the probability of accidentally observing such a rare phenomenon is low and it is not known whether there are many more binaries of black holes rotating in the sky than theoretical predictions. This question could be answered with an update to the gravitational wave telescope scheduled for 2023.

Or “The gravitational wave signal of GW200129 indicates the precession of the orbital plane”.the estimate itself is wrongCan be. In June 2022, just before the research results of Hannam et al. were published in Nature in October, Ethan Payne et al., published an article on GW200129 on the prepress server arXiv. In their article, Payne et al. noted that there are inherent problems in dealing with noise and discontinuities in gravitational wave signals and that removing this data produces:The amplitude modulation that indicates the precession of the orbital plane disappears.I showed it. This is in the form of a refutation of Mr. Hannam’s success in discovering the precession of the orbital plane.

However, it should be noted thatThe counter-argument of Payne et al. it’s just a pre-pressis to be As this is a “draft” of the document that has not been formally peer-reviewed (in short, third party control), the validity of the signal processing process presented by Payne et al. has not been verified. On the other hand, the research results of Hannam et al. have been peer-reviewed in Nature, which indicates that the research content is valid.

If the results of Hannam’s research are kept correct, or if Payne’s counter-argument is correct and the first observation of the precession of the orbital plane of a black hole is an illusion, it will take some time to come to a conclusion. it looks like it will happen.

Source

• Mark Hannam, et al. “General relativistic precession in a binary of black holes”. (Nature)
• Marco Hannam. “The most extreme example of an ‘oscillating black hole’ ever detected. (Cardiff University)
• Ethan Payne, et al. “The curious case of GW200129: interaction between spin-precession inference and data quality problems”. (arXiv)
• Jackson Ryan. “Curious incident of black hole in deep space leaves astrophysicists perplexed” (CNET)
• Theocharis A. Apostolatos, et.al. “Spin-induced orbital precession and its modulation of gravitational waveforms by joining tracks”. (Physical revision D)
• Vijay Varma and Max Isi. “GW200129: A Kicked Fusion of Black Holes”. (GitHub)

Text: Riri Ayae