WE Online, Washington –
In the last two years or so, humans have been made to suffer by a simple but world-changing organism, namely SARS-CoV-2 or Covid-19.
Since its appearance in late 2019, the virus and the diseases it causes in humans have ravaged the world. This in turn has infected hundreds of millions of lives, tens of millions of whom suffer long-term effects and millions more die.
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In addition, the global community itself has seen dramatic changes and polarization. Scientifically, we know that the most effective public health interventions include:
- avoid large, crowded, indoor meetings,
- wearing a face mask that covers the nose and mouth,
- maintain a distance of at least 6 feet (2 meters) between you and those who are not members of your household,
- minimize your contact time with people outside your household,
- give people the resources they need to stay safe at home when infection rates soar, and
- fully vaccinate your body against the virus.
However, one question that has preoccupied many people’s minds is where did SARS-CoV-2 come from?
This coronavirus is like no other, and this one question has generated two main ideas. One is that the virus occurs naturally and spreads to humans from human-animal contact.
The other is that the virus first emerged in humans from a laboratory leak, originating from the Wuhan Institute of Virology. As 2021 comes to a close, here’s what we know so far about the origins of Covid-19.
Natural origin hypothesis
For decades, humans have studied how pandemics occur, with the goal of prevention and control.
Many different fields came together in this endeavor, including virology, immunology, epidemiology, disease ecology, and evolutionary biology, as each expert brought their own unique set of knowledge.
While this oversimplifies matters, the basic recipe for the origin of the pandemic is as follows.
Human civilization, especially during the past century, extended into previously wild territory. Habitat loss due to climate change and deforestation increases the potential for new human-animal and animal contact.
In addition, humans regularly contact animals through industrial animal husbandry, market animals (both legal and illegal), and the fur trade.
As a result, diseases that previously only circulated in certain animals now have the potential to transmit hosts: from animal to animal, from animal to human, or even from human to human. With each new infection and each new host, the disease has the opportunity to mutate and adapt further, leading to new strains, new infections, and highly contagious and lethal diseases in humans.
It has been the basic recipe for all previous pandemics over the last century, from swine flu to avian flu to SARS to MERS to HIV/AIDS. When it comes to SARS-CoV-2 and the disease it causes in humans, Covid-19, this is the standard hypothesis of most experts in the field.
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