From the development of vaccines against COVID-19, in 2020, and its approval of emergency use by the ministries of health of some countries, At the end of year 1 of the pandemic, an immunization process began in various nations.
Until now, Israel is the most advanced country in immunizing its population: more than 23% have already received both doses of the COVID-19 vaccine developed by Pfizer and BioNTech, while at least 39.59% of its population received at least one dose.
Regarding administered doses, The United States leads the list with 39.04 million doses, according to the Our World in Data platform. Follow him China (31.2 million), United Kingdom (11.98 million), India (5.78 million), Israel (5.44 million), United Arab Emirates (4.01 million), Brazil (3.4 million), Germany (3.12 million) and Turkey (2.6 million) .
IN THE WORLD
Worldwide, more than 70 countries have started their vaccination processes.
PFIZER/ BIONTECH: Andorra, Austria, Bahrain, Belgium, Bermuda, Bulgaria, Canada, Cayman Islands, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, England, Estonia, Pharaoh Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece , Greenland, Guernsey, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kuwait, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Netherlands, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Norway, Oman, Panama, Poland, Portugal , Romania, Saudi Arabia, Scotland, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, and United States.
SPUTNIK V: The countries that apply the Sputnik V vaccine, from the Gamaleya Institute, are Algeria, Argentina, Bolivia, Hungary, Paraguay, Russia, Turkmenistan, Belarus, Venezuela and
Serbia.
SINOPHARM: Bahrain, China, Egypt, Morocco, Serbia, and the United Arab Emirates are the countries that apply this vaccine. Peru will join this list with the immunization that will begin on Tuesday, February 9.
OXFORD/ASTRAZENECA: Bangladesh, Brazil, England, Maldives, Morocco, Myanmar, Nepal, Republic of the Seychelles, Sri Lanka, United Kingdom.
MODERN: Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,
Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, United States.
SINOVAC: Brazil, Chile, Indonesia, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Turkey, China.
COVAXIN: India.
VACCINATION GROUPS
In most countries in the world, essential health personnel and the elderly correspond to the first groups in the vaccination process.
Segundo León, health worker, medical technologist and epidemiologist with specialization in infectious and tropical diseases, comments that if you look at the vaccination maps, “At this moment, the country that has vaccinated the most is Israel, then the United Arab Emirates follow and then a large group made up of the United Kingdom, Bahrain, the United States, Italy, Germany, France, China, Russia, Mexico, India” .
“Keep in mind that each of these countries has a different population number,” he says.
For his part, Dr. Julio Cachay, infectologist at the Ricardo Palma Clinic, mentions that “The strategy for vaccination is to control COVID-19 and achieve the integrity of the health system for the continuity of basic services.”
“In the first phase of vaccination, there should be health personnel and brigade members, armed forces and National Police, firefighters, Red Cross, serenazgo, cleaning employees and, also with this specific situation in the country, the members of the electoral table”, mentions.
Cachay adds that later It will move to a second phase, where the goal is to reduce the mobility of the virus and the mortality of the populations at greatest risk.
“Here people over 60 years old, with chronic diseases, native communities and in personal consideration of the INPE and people deprived of liberty. Then, a universal vaccination in a third phase, covering people between 18 and 59 years old. With this coordinated and gradual strategy, taking into consideration criteria of keeping the health system and front-line systems operational, the protection of the population with risk factors and then universal coverage with the general population, we achieve or must achieve as a goal to obtain group immunity ”, he explains.
Dr. Manuel Loayza, epidemiologist and graduate professor at Norbert Wiener University, comments that vaccination campaigns are more complex than they appear.
“There are different strategies depending on how many vaccines are available for the campaign, their effectiveness, the logistical requirements of conservation, especially the cold chain, required for each vaccine and its behavior of the virus in different territories in the vaccination process”, Add.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MONITORING
The infectologist Cachay emphasizes that monitoring “will provide us with systematic, uniform and reliable information that is sent by the different levels of action”.
“This information, in turn, will allow a systematic analysis in order to identify achievements, goals and, in turn, also difficulties, problems during the execution of this vaccination plan. All this information in order to make a comparison of these results. It gives us data to analyze the causes, achievements and problems and, therefore, adopt pertinent corrective measures immediately to overcome the difficulties and obtain the goals, with which we are optimizing the efficiency and effectiveness of the vaccination campaign ”, holds.
Dr. Loayza mentions that “the effectiveness of the vaccine depends on the recommended doses, on the studies prior to the vaccination case, on the immune response, so it is important to monitor people.”
THE VACCINE, THE END OF THE PANDEMIC?
Dr. Cachay mentions that “For an effective and sustained control of a pandemic by an infectious agent, the confluence and interaction of 3 basic pillars is necessary: adopt social measures that by having a specific drug against this infectious agent and by using a vaccine, universally of these conditions, these conditions in the case of SARS Cov-2 ”.
“Currently, the social conditions already known to all of us are being used as a strategy: permanent use of masks, hand washing, distance of two meters, well-ventilated open spaces. […] Adding a new tool such as universal vaccination that has already started worldwide … by itself I think it takes us a big step, but it should be kept with the other strategies to control this infection“, mentions.
Finally, Dr. Loayza mentions that “lhe variants of SARS CoV-2 such as the British, South African, and Brazilian make foresee that we must wait for the studies to see the protection time that generates antibodies against the disease, for which we must continue to use protection mechanisms such as distancing, use of masks, permanent hand washing, among others ”.
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