Colonoscopy is a topic often avoided, but of major importance to everyone’s health. In this article we will draw a parallel between two colonoscopy techniques, classic and virtual, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each of them.
What is a colonoscopy and when is it needed?
Colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of the colon (large intestine) and rectum. This is done using a long, flexible instrument called a colonoscope, which is inserted through the anus and slowly advanced into the cecum, transmitting real-time video images. It allows doctors to observe and assess the condition of the intestinal lining, identifying any abnormalities or conditions.
The main purpose of colonoscopy is to diagnose and, in some cases, treat various conditions of the colon. These include polyps, hemorrhoids, diverticulosis, colorectal cancer and intestinal inflammation. Colonoscopy is also an effective screening method for prevention colon cancer. By early identification of polyps and other lesions, it is possible to intervene before they become malignant, thus reducing the risk of developing cancer [1].
Colonoscopy is generally recommended for people over the age of 50 as part of colorectal cancer screening. However, it may also be necessary in younger people, depending on the presenting symptoms or specific risk factors.
There are two main types of colonoscopy: classic colonoscopy and virtual colonoscopy.
Classic colonoscopy: procedure, benefits and risks
The classic colonoscopy procedure involves inserting a thin, flexible tube called a colonoscope through the rectum to examine the inside of the colon. This tube is equipped with a video camera at one end, which transmits images to a screen, allowing the doctor to examine the colon in detail. Before the procedure, the patient may receive sedation or general anesthesia to reduce any discomfort.
The benefits of classic colonoscopy are multiple. It is considered the gold standard in the diagnosis of colon diseases because of the detailed images it can provide. Thus, the doctor can identify precancerous lesions, such as polyps, and remove them during the same procedure. It can prevent the development of colon cancer and help in the early diagnosis of other conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease [2].
Although it is a generally safe procedure, there are some possible complications of colonoscopy. Bleeding and perforation of the colon are rare but present risks. Adverse reactions to anesthetics and infections can also occur. It is essential that patients are aware of these risks and discuss them with their doctor before opting for the procedure.
Virtual colonoscopy: procedure, benefits and risks
The virtual colonoscopy procedure consists of scanning the colon by means of a CT (computed tomography) or an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), without requiring the introduction of a long tube into the colon, as is done in the case of a classic colonoscopy.
The virtual colonoscopy scanning process begins with patient preparation, which involves a special diet in the days leading up to the procedure and the administration of laxatives to clean out the colon. The patient is then positioned on a scanning table, and the CT or MRI machine takes detailed images of the colon, at various angles and positions. These images are then processed by a computer and provide the doctor with a complete and accurate view of the colon [3].
The benefits of virtual colonoscopy are multiple. First of all, this procedure is non-invasive, which reduces the discomfort and pain felt by the patient during the procedure. Virtual colonoscopy also takes less time than traditional colonoscopy, making it a faster and more convenient option for patients.
Another great benefit of this method is that it does not require sedation, unlike classic colonoscopy. Thus, patients can be conscious throughout the procedure and can immediately return to daily activities after its completion. Also, virtual colonoscopy can detect polyps and other abnormalities in early stages, thus allowing early treatment and prevention of the development of colon cancer.
However, virtual colonoscopy also has risks and disadvantages. One of the risks is exposure to radiation during a CT scan, as it uses X-rays to produce images. Also, virtual colonoscopy may not detect small polyps or flat-shaped polyps, which may be more difficult to see on images. If the virtual colonoscopy identifies problems, the patient may need to have a classic colonoscopy later to thoroughly investigate and treat these problems [4].
Virtual colonoscopy is especially recommended for patients who are at high risk of developing colon cancer, such as those with a family history or patients with familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome. Also, this method may be a suitable option for patients who have contraindications to anesthesia or who want a less invasive alternative to classic colonoscopy.
Colonoscopy, whether classic or virtual, is essential for the early detection of colon diseases. Both procedures have advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of one depends on the individual needs of each patient. It is important that you thoroughly inform yourself and talk to our available doctor.
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