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China objects to Philippines new maritime laws – JURIST

China Protests New Philippine Maritime Laws Over South China Sea Claims

China has formally protested two new laws enacted by the Philippines that define the country’s maritime boundaries amid ongoing disputes in the South China Sea. The Philippine Maritime Zones Act (RA 12064) and the Philippine Archipelagic Sea Lanes Act (RA 12065) were signed into law on Friday, reinforcing the Philippines’ claims to its maritime zones.

New Laws Signed Amid Growing Tensions

The maritime laws, signed by Philippine President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr., aim to clarify the Philippines’ entitlements and responsibilities within its maritime zones. "These laws are essential for defining our rights and duties, ensuring a secure environment for activities such as fishing and resource exploration in Philippine waters," President Marcos stated.

Key Details of the New Laws:

  • Philippine Maritime Zones Act (RA 12064): This act establishes the Philippines’ sovereign rights over various maritime zones, including internal waters, archipelagic waters, territorial seas, contiguous zones, exclusive economic zones (EEZ), and continental shelves. It aligns with international law, particularly the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).

  • Philippine Archipelagic Sea Lanes Act (RA 12065): This law designates specific sea lanes and air routes for foreign vessels and aircraft navigating through Philippine waters, outlining both the rights and obligations for their passage.

China’s Strong Response

In reaction to these legislative developments, China’s Foreign Ministry issued a strong condemnation through spokesperson Mao Ning. At a regular press conference, Mao suggested that the new Philippine maritime laws infringe upon China’s historical territorial sovereignty in the South China Sea, stating, “The introduction of these acts directly violates our maritime rights.”

Furthermore, China summoned the Philippine Ambassador to voice its objections. The Chinese government criticized specific provisions in the Philippine Archipelagic Sea Lanes Act for being inconsistent with international law and maritime resolutions from the International Maritime Organization. Mao urged the Philippines to respect the rights of all parties under UNCLOS.

Historical Context and Ongoing Disputes

The tension in the South China Sea has been escalating for years, with numerous nations, including Vietnam, Malaysia, and Brunei, contesting various maritime claims alongside China and the Philippines. The conflict intensified following the 2016 ruling by the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague, which deemed some of China’s expansive claims unlawful. Although the Philippines initiated the arbitration process and received support from the global community, China has consistently rejected the ruling, insisting it undermines UNCLOS and violates international law.

Expert Opinions and Perspectives

Experts believe that these new laws signify a critical step for the Philippines in asserting its rights over its resources. “The laws are a defensive mechanism against further encroachment in the South China Sea, particularly as China continues to assert its claims,” said Dr. Michael McDevitt, a senior fellow at the Center for Naval Analyses.

Furthermore, with tensions rising and maritime activities becoming increasingly militarized, there is growing concern over the implications for regional stability. Analysts warn that China’s response could lead to further diplomatic strains between Manila and Beijing.

Potential Impacts on Maritime and Diplomatic Relations

The enactment of these laws could have profound implications not just for the Philippines but for regional maritime stability and international shipping routes. Experts point out that by solidifying its claims, the Philippines may provoke China, endangering not only bilateral relations but also the security of trade routes critical for global commerce.

Possible Outcomes Include:

  • Increased Naval Presence: The possibility of heightened naval presence from both China and the Philippines in the contested waters could escalate tensions.

  • International Support: The Philippines may seek greater support from allies like the United States and Australia, leading to increased foreign military presence in the region.

  • Impact on Fishing Communities: Local fishing communities may face ongoing uncertainty regarding access to traditional fishing grounds, directly affecting their livelihoods.

Call for Dialogue and Resolution

In light of rising tensions, it is essential for all parties involved to engage in constructive dialogue aimed at peaceful resolution. The international community and organizations like ASEAN must advocate for adherence to international laws that govern maritime disputes.

As the situation evolves, the actions taken by China and the Philippines will be closely monitored by global observers for indications of future diplomatic negotiations or escalations in conflict dynamics.

The South China Sea continues to be a flashpoint for regional and international tensions, and the implications of these newly signed laws will be significant in shaping the maritime rights landscape of Southeast Asia.


For ongoing updates, follow our detailed coverage of maritime disputes in the South China Sea. Related Article: Understanding UNCLOS – A Guide to Maritime Laws and Explore the Implications of the 2016 Ruling by The Hague.


Let us know your thoughts on the impact of these maritime laws and how you believe they will affect regional stability. Your engagement is encouraged in the comments section below.

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