The History of Taiwan
Taiwan was part of China until 1895 and was then annexed by Japan. After World War II, the Communist Party came to power in mainland China. The nationalists who did not recognize that authority settled in Taiwan. Under the latter name, Taiwan considers itself independent, but Beijing sees the island as a renegade province.
Taiwan is internationally recognized but by a handful of countries. The Netherlands and the US, for example, have not done so. All countries that do recognize the island state have no official relations with China, so sensitive is the issue for Beijing.
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