To understand current work issues, dominated by the return of issues of hardship, working conditions and occupational risks, it is necessary to review the transformations that work and its organization have undergone since the oil shock of the 1970s until in the 2000s. From the 1980s, many studies were devoted to the transformations of the productive system in order to identify the requirements and adapt the employees to them. They helped to emphasize the importance of the work situation. It is from this awareness that the notion of competence emerges, the definitions of which will attempt to account for “work in situ”.
The determinants of these changes are numerous and have multiplier effects when they interact. And, most of the time, they interact! A change in regulations, a technological innovation force a company to review its organization, to rethink its product or service offer, upset its know-how or its skills needs. The methods of work organization evolve at the rate of changes in the company and its contexts, competition and markets when disruptive innovations disrupt them. Reducing the workforce or labor costs remains a constant in these changes.
Technological changes have multiplied and accelerated since the end of the 1970s, profoundly transforming the relationship to work, its cognitive requirements and the representation we have of it…
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