Ancient Bulgarian Christmas Traditions: The Sacred Carol Gega
For centuries, Bulgarian villagers have observed a unique Christmas tradition centered around the “carol gega,” a ritualistic branch believed too possess magical properties. Ethnographer Iliya Valev sheds light on this interesting practice, revealing its intricate details and deep-rooted importance within Bulgarian folklore.
Valev explains that the readiness for the carolers’ journey begins well before christmas eve, starting on Ignazhden (a pre-Christmas holiday). “The carolers gather at the home of the farmer or the group leader,” he states. “They learn carol blessings and carols and meticulously plan their route through the village on Christmas night, ensuring no home is missed.”
The acquisition of the gega itself is a meaningful rite of passage for new carolers. Valev describes the process: “They have to go into the woods at a secret time, usually after midnight, between Epiphany and Christmas, to get the carol gag. Going and returning from the forest, they must observe complete silence. They take a branch, which will later become the carol gag. They must pass through running water where they immerse the gega to purify it and acquire the magical power, as the gega is an obligatory ritual prop of the carolers.”
The newly acquired gega isn’t immediately brought to the group. “Before entering the peasant’s home, the new caroler leaves the gag outside until morning to sleep under the stars,” Valev continues. “As the sun rises, he necessarily takes her to the rest of the carolers so that no one else sees her. After acquiring the carol gag,he is eligible to enter the carol company,become a full member of the group,and begin learning the blessings and songs.”
On christmas Eve, the carolers embark on their journey. “She has to visit every single house in the village,” Valev explains. “It is strictly observed that each caroler does not pass through his own home. ‘His household should not see him as a caroler,’ says the popular belief.”
this ancient tradition, rich in symbolism and ritual, offers a glimpse into the vibrant cultural heritage of Bulgaria and highlights the enduring power of folklore in shaping community and belief. The meticulous preparation and the sacred nature of the gega underscore the deep spiritual significance of Christmas celebrations in this region.
