It is known that MERS-CoV was first identified in 2012 in the Middle East. From the tests carried out, it was found that the virus was very dangerous. At least 40 percent of patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome die from infection. Researchers also saw that the majority of infections were caused by infected Arabian camels. In addition there is evidence that the Arabian camels have been infected by bats.
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Although worrying, the spread of MERS-CoV does not get special attention because it does not appear to be able to spread through human-to-human interaction. Since the first outbreak occurred in 2012, researchers have found that up to 80% of the Arabian camels tested have antibodies to MERS-CoV. The Arab camels themselves are not camels that do exist in the Middle East region. Instead, 70 percent of the camels are imported from Africa.
This leads to the fact that many Africans are not infected with MERS-CoV. To find out, the researchers collected virus samples in various places in the Middle East and Africa to look for variants. They grouped people from Africa and the Middle East into different taxonomic groups.
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Next, they genetically compared samples in a laboratory using human lung cells. They found that variants originating from the Arab taxonomic group were easily transmissible to humans, whereas variants collected in Africa were not easily transmitted.
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They also found that the differences between the variants were due to the amino acids in the S protein. It is known that the African variants have the same amino acids and are very easy to infect human cells. However, this did not happen because the camels were sold one way to the Middle East.
This is why the MERS-CoV virus has not mutated to infect humans because of the dromedary trade—almost one way, with animals being trafficked from Africa to the Middle East. The risk can occur if the way of trading is the other way around where camels or other animals from the Middle East region are traded to Africa. This is believed to trigger a deadly pandemic.
(wsb)
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