Bremer Linke: Position paper calls for “heat transition” – news from Bremen
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Bremer Linke: Position paper calls for “heat transition” – news from Bremen

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The left want to rapidly expand local and district heating networks. (Tristan Vankann)

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With a bundle of measures, the Left wants to achieve a qualitative leap in the heat supply in the urban area and at the same time contribute to Bremen drastically reducing its CO2 emissions by 2030. The parliamentary group of the Left has submitted a comprehensive position paper on this. Among other things, it calls for the establishment of a Bremen energy company, and partial municipalization of the energy supplier SWB is also to be examined.

The starting point of the considerations is the fact that currently around a quarter of the energy demand in Germany is accounted for by the building stock, with the heat supply making up around two thirds of this share. Despite renovations and the extensive phasing out of coal-fired heating systems, CO2 emissions have barely declined, mainly because the living space per person has increased steadily over the years. If Bremen wants to achieve a better climate balance, the left concludes, efforts are needed in many areas.

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In the paper, among other things, a renovation quota set by the legislator is put up for discussion. With it, large private landlords in particular could be encouraged to invest more funds in the thermal efficiency of their housing stock. Since such investments can at least partially be passed on to the tenants, rent increases for low-wage earners are to be buffered through a state subsidy program. As further legislative instruments, the position paper proposes renovation guarantees or loans, particularly for older apartment and house owners who do not receive loans from the banks for modernization investments. “The increase in apartment size must also be countered, for example by promoting space-optimized floor plans for more smaller apartments,” says the Linken paper.

The central element of the “heating turnaround” called for by the left is to be the expansion of district and local heating networks. The SWB subsidiary Wesernetz currently operates three district heating networks in Bremen, which cover around 17 percent of households. This district heating is not “green”, however, as it is generated exclusively by burning waste and coal. That could be done differently, say the left – for example, by feeding the waste heat from the steelworks into the existing or new networks.

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For future residential areas, a local heating supply should become mandatory from the perspective of the left, preferably on the basis of energy generation in the neighborhood, for example in the form of solar thermal energy, heat pumps, geothermal energy and biogas combined heat and power plants.

Up to this point, the coalition partners SPD and Greens, perhaps also parts of the opposition, would go along. But the demands of the left go further. You want to change the energy producer structures with the quasi-monopoly of SWB / Wesernetz. They envision a Bremen energy company as a vehicle. Under their umbrella, municipal housing associations such as Gewoba and Brebau, the municipal property management company Immobilien Bremen and other companies with public participation could invest in measures to achieve climate neutrality. Ingo Tebje, climate policy spokesman for the left parliamentary group, cites the intensive use of the roofs of public buildings for solar thermal energy as an example.

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These could become starting points for local heating networks. “The establishment of local heating networks by a local authority would also offer housing associations, energy cooperatives, companies and private individuals the opportunity to supply themselves with green heat or to feed in heat”, says the position paper of the Left.

“We must also think about a partial municipalization of the SWB”, Tebje is convinced. The way to do this is not necessarily a direct purchase of company shares. It is also conceivable that “Bremen will invest specifically in the expansion of renewable energies at Wesernetz GmbH and SWB” and that the municipality will thereby “gain greater scope for the climate-neutral energy transition”.

It is clear to the left that Bremen must not waste any time if the CO2 emissions of the smallest federal state are to be reduced by 80 percent by 2030. “The need for action is great, and the reforms have to start now, since implementation takes a long time,” says the conclusion of the Left Paper. The way to a more efficient heat supply will “cost a lot of money, but also create new jobs and secure employment”.

Down to business

Local and district heating

When expanding central local and district heating networks, there is still plenty of room for improvement in Bremen. This is shown by the example of Flensburg. Around 95 percent of households there are connected to a district heating network. Hamburg now also supplies 495,000 residential units. In Denmark, 64 percent of households are supplied with district heating, while in Germany only 14 percent. In Denmark, 48 percent of the heat is generated from renewable energies and is therefore really “green”. In Germany, however, the proportion is only nine percent (as of 2018). Oil and gas have been taxed higher in Denmark for decades, which has favored the switch to district heating.

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