Since the 1980s, scientists have been fighting HIV that causes the AIDS disease. Although there were very great advances that allowed stop deaths and make the disease chronicso far it has not been possible create a vaccine that prevents infections.
Now, researchers have discovered in a new clinical animal study that three antibodies against HIV different ones that target the fusion peptide may protect monkeys from HIV ape, which offers knowledge promising for the development of an HIV vaccine in humans.
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Three HIV antibodies different groups each independently protected the monkeys from get HIV in apes (SHIV) in a placebo-controlled proof-of-concept study intended to inform the development of a preventive HIV vaccine for people.
The antibodies (one broadly neutralizing human antibody and two antibodies isolated from previously vaccinated monkeys) target the fusion peptide, a site on a protein on the surface of HIV that helps the virus fuse and enter cells.
The study, published in Science Translational Medicine, was led by the Vaccine Research Center (VRC) of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health.
According to research, antibodies that target the fusion peptide can neutralize various strains of HIV in vitro, that is, in a test tube or in a culture dish outside of a living organism.
The NIAID VRC isolated a human antibody targeting a fusion peptide, called VRC34.01, from a person living with HIV who donated blood samples for the research.
They also isolated two antibodies from rhesus macaques, a species of monkey with human-like immune systemswho had previously received a regime of vaccine designed to generate antibodies directed by fusion peptides.
Show that These antibodies protect animals would validate the fusion peptide as a target for human vaccine design.
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SHIV challenge (administration of an infectious dose of SHIV) to rhesus macaques is a widely used animal model to evaluate the performance of HIV antibodies and vaccines.
In this study, rhesus macaques in each of the four groups received a single intravenous infusion of one type of antibody (a dose of 2.5 or 10 mg/kg body weight of VRC34.01, or one of the two antibodies of rhesus macaques caused by the vaccine) and other monkeys received a placebo infusion.
To determine the protective effect of the antibodies, each monkey was challenged five days after infusion with a strain of SHIV which is known to be sensitive to antibodies directed by fusion peptides.
All monkeys that received a placebo infusion they contracted SHIV after the challenge.
Among monkeys receiving VRC34.01 infusions, none received the 10 mg/kg dose and 25% of those receiving the 2.5 mg/kg dose contracted SHIV.
Of those who received the vaccine-elicited rhesus macaque antibodies, no monkeys who received the antibody called DFPH-a.15 acquired SHIV, and 25% of those who received the antibody called DF1W-a.01 acquired SHIV.
Over time, the concentration of antibodies in the blood of animals who received DFPH-a.15 decreased. Those animals were challenged again 30 days later to see if the lower antibody concentration had a diminished protective effect, and half of them contracted SHIV.
Each of the three antibodies studied provided a statistically significant protection against HIVS, and the effect was dose dependent, that is, it was greater in monkeys with higher concentrations of antibodies in the blood.
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According to the authors, these findings represent proof of concept that antibodies directed by fusion peptides can provide protection against HIVS and help determine the concentration of antibodies that a vaccine would need to generate to be protective.
They suggest that their findings on antibodies caused by the vaccine in some animals support additional work to design preventive HIV vaccine concepts targeting the fusion peptide.
The researchers conclude that an effective HIV vaccine targeting the HIV fusion peptide You will likely need to expand on the concepts used in this study, generating multiple varieties of antibodies targeting the fusion peptide. This would increase the probability that the vaccine could maintain a preventive effect on the very various variants of HIV in circulation.
2024-01-28 13:00:00
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