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Mastering News Writing: Techniques and Principles for effective Journalism
Focusing on the principles and techniques essential for effective news writing, this section covers the 5Ws and 1H (who, What, When, Where, Why, and How), the inverted pyramid structure, and critiques of traditional news writing styles. It traces the origins of the inverted pyramid to the American civil War, highlighting its utility in prioritizing information. Moreover,it discusses the…
Journalistic Style: writing & Techniques
Key Elements of Journalistic Style. Each journalistic style has its unique elements, but there are some common characteristics you should know:
- Accuracy: Ensuring facts are correct and verifiable.
- Objectivity: Presenting information impartially without personal bias.
- Conciseness: Using clear and direct language to convey information effectively.
- Clarity: Making it easy for the audience to…
How to become a journalist: Hints and tips from BBC journos
Our journalists have a close relationship with the audience - as we live where they do – and they realize that the things which matter to them also matter to us.” “We can em…
Findings
Table of Contents those studies suggest that having a positive fungal CPCR is a greater determinant of developing keratitis after keratoplasty compared to bacterial contamination.Alternatively, the currently implanted regime at KKESH of prescribing postoperative prophylactic antibiotics (fluoroquinolones) seems effective. A study in India, however, found that moast gram-negative bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas spp., displayed resistance to all fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, 3rd-generationosporins, and meropenem. One-third were resistant to imipenem, but all were sensitive to colistin. We found no association between CPCR progress and both death-preservation and preservation-surgery times. This contrasts with the interval reported of five days between preservation and surgery. The study had the following limitations: All donor corneas were from the US; hence, meaningful time elapsed during transportation, which subjected them to different climatic, altitudinal, and other environmental factors. These factors may affect the microbiology of preserved corneas.Similarly, comparative studies, which have the merit of local corneal preservation and faster surgeries, would be more representative than our study. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. This format should make the text easier to read and understand. If you need further assistance or have additional content to include, feel free to ask! In the intricate world of ophthalmology, few procedures are as delicate and critical as keratoplasty, or corneal transplantation. This surgical marvel has transformed the lives of countless individuals suffering from corneal diseases, yet it is indeed not without its risks. One such risk, endophthalmitis, has been a subject of intense study and concern among medical professionals. Endophthalmitis, an infection within the eye, can be a devastating complication following keratoplasty. A groundbreaking study published in the Cornea journal in 1991 highlighted the severity and implications of this condition. The research, conducted by Antonios SR, Cameron JA, Badr IA, and colleagues, shed light on the mechanisms and consequences of post-keratoplasty endophthalmitis. Their findings emphasized the critical need for stringent pre- and post-operative protocols to minimize infection risks. The history of corneal transplantation is rich with pioneering efforts to enhance donor eye safety. As early as 1967, Polack FM, Locatcher-Khorazo D, and Gutierrez E conducted a seminal bacteriological study on donor eyes. Their work,published in the Archives of Ophthalmology,evaluated antibacterial treatments prior to corneal grafting,setting the stage for future advancements in donor eye sterilization. In the same year, Rycroft P introduced a method for preserving and sterilizing fresh donor material for full-thickness keratoplasty. This innovation,detailed in the British Journal of Ophthalmology,underscored the importance of meticulous donor eye preparation to ensure the success of corneal transplants. Fast forward to the 21st century,and the challenges remain.A comprehensive report by the Eye Bank Association of America, published in the Cornea journal in 2016, reviewed adverse reactions from 2007 to 2014. The report highlighted the prevalence of donor corneal button contamination and its association with ocular infections post-transplantation. Rehany U and colleagues, in their 2004 study, examined the prevalence and risk factors for donor corneal button contamination. Their findings underscored the critical need for improved donor eye screening and handling protocols to reduce the risk of endophthalmitis. Preventing endophthalmitis involves a multi-faceted approach, including rigorous donor eye screening, antibacterial treatments, and meticulous surgical techniques. The use of antibiotics such as Neosporin, as advocated by doctor D and Hughes I in their 1958 study, has been a cornerstone in reducing bacterial contamination. To better understand the landscape of endophthalmitis following keratoplasty, let’s summarize the key points in the following table: | Year | authors | Key Findings | The journey from the early bacteriological studies to the modern understanding of endophthalmitis post-keratoplasty has been marked by significant advancements. However, the battle against this silent threat is far from over. Continued research, stringent protocols, and innovative treatments are essential to ensure the safety and success of corneal transplants. For more insights into the latest developments in keratoplasty and endophthalmitis, stay tuned to our blog and follow us on social media. Your feedback and engagement are invaluable as we strive to provide the most accurate and up-to-date information in the field of ophthalmology. Stay informed, stay safe. Endophthalmitis, a severe infection of the eye’s interior, poses a significant risk following keratoplasty, or corneal transplantation. Recent studies have shed light on the incidence,microbial profile,and outcomes of this perhaps blinding condition. Let’s delve into the latest research to understand the challenges and implications for both patients and healthcare providers. According to a study published in the ocul Immunol Inflamm journal, the incidence of endophthalmitis following keratoplasty varies but remains a critical concern. Alharbi et al. (2014) reported that the incidence can range from 0.2% to 2.1%, depending on various factors such as the surgical technique and patient health [17]. the microbial profile of endophthalmitis post-keratoplasty is diverse, with bacteria and fungi being the primary culprits. Wagoner et al. (2007) highlighted that bacterial keratitis is a significant issue, with common pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [18]. Hassan and Wilhelmus (2005) emphasized that fungal infections, though less common, can be particularly devastating due to their tendency to invade deep ocular structures [19]. The visual and structural outcomes of endophthalmitis following keratoplasty are often poor. leveille et al. (1983) noted that endophthalmitis can lead to severe vision loss, with many patients experiencing significant impairment [21]. The structural damage can be extensive, often requiring additional surgical interventions or leading to permanent loss of vision. Understanding the risk factors is crucial for prevention. Routine donor corneal rim cultures have been a subject of debate. Mathers and Lemp (1987) discussed the importance of corneal rim cultures in identifying potential pathogens, which can guide prophylactic treatments [22].However, Wiffen et al. (1997) found that the value of routine cultures may be limited, suggesting that other preventive measures, such as improved surgical techniques and patient management, might be more effective [14]. Recent advances in diagnostic techniques and treatments have improved the management of endophthalmitis. Vislisel et al. (2017) reported that positive donor corneoscleral rim fungal cultures can predict the risk of post-keratoplasty fungal endophthalmitis, allowing for early intervention [20]. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential for preserving vision and reducing complications. Here’s a summary of the key findings from recent studies: | Study | Key Findings | Endophthalmitis following keratoplasty is a serious complication that requires vigilant monitoring and proactive management. With advancements in diagnostic techniques and treatments, healthcare providers can better predict and mitigate the risks associated with this condition. Patients and healthcare providers alike must remain informed about the latest research to ensure the best possible outcomes. For more detailed insights, explore the Ocul Immunol inflamm and Ophthalmology journals, where these studies were published. References: Corneal transplantation,a procedure that replaces a damaged or diseased cornea with a healthy donor tissue,has substantially improved the lives of countless individuals suffering from corneal blindness. However, this life-changing surgery is not without its risks. Late-onset infections, particularly those transmitted from the donor to the host, pose a significant challenge in the field of ophthalmology. Recent studies have shed light on the incidence, implications, and prevention strategies for these infections. In a groundbreaking study published in the Cornea journal, Al-Assiri et al. [2006] reported a case of late-onset donor-to-host transmission of candida glabrata following corneal transplantation. This fungal infection, which can lead to severe complications, highlights the critical need for stringent donor screening and tissue preservation techniques. The study emphasized that such infections can manifest weeks or even months after the surgery, making early detection and intervention crucial. Everts et al. [2001] explored the utility of corneoscleral rim cultures in preventing donor-derived infections. Their findings suggested that these cultures may lack the necessary sensitivity and specificity to effectively predict or prevent infections. This has significant implications for clinical decision-making and infection prevention protocols in corneal transplantation. Wilhelmus and Hassan [2007] delved into the prognostic role of donor corneoscleral rim cultures. They concluded that while these cultures can provide valuable insights, their predictive value is limited. The study underscored the importance of a comprehensive approach that includes meticulous donor screening and post-operative monitoring. Keyhani et al. [2005] investigated the incidence of fungal keratitis and endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty. Their findings indicated that fungal infections, though less common than bacterial infections, can lead to severe complications and vision loss. The study highlighted the need for vigilant monitoring and prompt treatment of any post-operative infections. Pels et al. [2008] compared different preservation techniques, focusing on warm versus cold storage. Their research suggested that both methods have their advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of technique may depend on various factors, including the specific needs of the recipient and the availability of resources. Chaurasia et al. [2024] conducted a ten-year analysis of infectious adverse events after elective optical keratoplasty (PK,EK,and ALK). Their findings revealed a consistent incidence of infections,with certain types of transplants showing higher risks. This study underscored the importance of ongoing research and the development of new prevention strategies. Here is a summary table that encapsulates the key findings from these studies: | Study | Year | Key Findings | Corneal transplantation has revolutionized the treatment of corneal blindness,but the risk of late-onset infections remains a significant challenge. Through rigorous research and the implementation of best practices, ophthalmologists can minimize these risks and ensure the best possible outcomes for their patients. As our understanding of these infections continues to evolve, so too will our ability to prevent and treat them effectively. For more information on corneal transplantation and the latest research findings, visit Cornea and Ophthalmology. Corneal transplantation, a procedure that replaces a damaged or diseased cornea with healthy donor tissue, has substantially improved the lives of countless individuals suffering from corneal blindness. However, this life-changing surgery is not without its risks. Late-onset infections, particularly those transmitted from the donor to the host, pose a notable challenge in the field of ophthalmology. Recent studies have shed light on the incidence, implications, and prevention strategies for these infections. In a groundbreaking study published in the Cornea journal, Al-Assiri et al. [2006] reported a case of late-onset donor-to-host transmission of Candida glabrata following corneal transplantation. This fungal infection, which can lead to severe complications, highlights the critical need for stringent donor screening and tissue preservation techniques. The study emphasized that such infections can manifest weeks or even months after the surgery, making early detection and intervention crucial. Everts et al. [2001] explored the utility of corneoscleral rim cultures in preventing donor-derived infections. Their findings suggested that these cultures may lack the necessary sensitivity and specificity to effectively predict or prevent infections. This has significant implications for clinical decision-making and infection prevention protocols in corneal transplantation. Wilhelmus and Hassan [2007] delved into the prognostic role of donor corneoscleral rim cultures. They concluded that while these cultures can provide valuable insights, their predictive value is limited. The study underscored the importance of a thorough approach that includes meticulous donor screening and post-operative monitoring. Keyhani et al. [2005] investigated the incidence of fungal keratitis and endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty. Their findings indicated that fungal infections, though less common than bacterial infections, can lead to severe complications and vision loss. The study highlighted the need for vigilant monitoring and prompt treatment of any post-operative infections. Pels et al. [2008] compared different preservation techniques, focusing on warm versus cold storage. Their research suggested that both methods have their advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of technique may depend on various factors, including the specific needs of the recipient and the availability of resources. Chaurasia et al. [2024] conducted a ten-year analysis of infectious adverse events after elective optical keratoplasty (PK, EK, and ALK). Their findings revealed a consistent incidence of infections,with certain types of transplants showing higher risks. This study underscored the importance of ongoing research and the progress of new prevention strategies.
Conclusion
Disclosure
References
The Silent Threat: Endophthalmitis After Keratoplasty
Past Context and Early findings
Modern Insights and Challenges
Preventive Measures and Best Practices
Summary of Key Findings
|——|———|————–|
| 1967 | polack FM, Locatcher-Khorazo D, Gutierrez E | Evaluated antibacterial treatments prior to corneal grafting |
| 1965 | Rycroft P | Method for preserving and sterilizing fresh donor material for full-thickness keratoplasty |
| 1991 | Antonios SR, Cameron JA, Badr IA | Post-penetrating keratoplasty endophthalmitis: mechanisms and consequences |
| 2004 | Rehany U | Prevalence and risk factors for donor corneal button contamination |
| 2016 | Eye Bank Association of America | Adverse reactions reported from 2007 to 2014 |Conclusion
Unveiling the Risks: Endophthalmitis Following Keratoplasty
Incidence and Microbial Profile
Visual and Structural Outcomes
Risk Factors and Prevention
Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment
Summary of Key findings
|——————————-|——————————————————————————|
| Alharbi et al. (2014) | Incidence of endophthalmitis post-keratoplasty ranges from 0.2% to 2.1%. |
| Wagoner et al. (2007) | Common bacterial pathogens include S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. |
| Hassan & Wilhelmus (2005) | Fungal infections can be particularly severe and require aggressive treatment.|
| Leveille et al.(1983) | Endophthalmitis can lead to significant vision loss and structural damage. |
| Mathers & Lemp (1987) | Corneal rim cultures can identify potential pathogens for prophylactic treatment.|
| Wiffen et al. (1997) | Routine donor corneal rim cultures may have limited value; improved surgical techniques are crucial.|
| Vislisel et al. (2017) | Positive donor corneoscleral rim fungal cultures predict post-keratoplasty fungal endophthalmitis.|Conclusion
[17] Alharbi SS,Alrajhi A,Alkahtani E. Endophthalmitis following keratoplasty: incidence,microbial profile,visual and structural outcomes. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2014;22(3):218–223. doi:10.3109/09273948.2013.841956
[18] Wagoner MD, Al-Swailem SA, Sutphin JE, et al. Bacterial keratitis after penetrating keratoplasty: incidence, microbiological profile, graft survival, and visual outcome.Ophthalmology. 2007;114(6):1073–1079. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.10.015
[19] hassan SS, Wilhelmus KR. Eye-banking risk factors for fungal endophthalmitis compared with bacterial endophthalmitis after corneal transplantation. Am J Ophthalmol.2005;139(4):685–690. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2004.12.016
[20] Vislisel JM, Goins KM, Wagoner MD, et al. Incidence and outcomes of positive donor corneoscleral rim fungal cultures after keratoplasty. Ophthalmology. 2017;124(1):36–42. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.09.017
[21] Leveille AS, McMullan FD, Cavanagh HD. Endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty. Ophthalmology.1983;90(1):38–39. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(83)34601-7
[22] Mathers WD, Lemp MA. Corneal rim cultures. Cornea. 1987;6(3):231–233. doi:10.1097/00003226-198706030-00016Late-Onset infections in Corneal Transplantation: A Critical Review
Late-Onset Donor-to-Host transmission
The Utility of Corneoscleral Rim Cultures
Prognostic Role of Donor Cultures
Incidence of Fungal Infections
Preservation Techniques
Trends in Infectious Adverse Events
Summary of Key Findings
|——————————- |—— |————————————————————–|
| Al-Assiri et al. | 2006 | Late-onset Candida glabrata transmission post-transplant |
| Everts et al. | 2001 | limited utility of corneoscleral rim cultures |
| Wilhelmus & Hassan | 2007 | Limited prognostic value of donor cultures |
| Keyhani et al. | 2005 | incidence of fungal keratitis and endophthalmitis |
| Pels et al. | 2008 | comparison of warm versus cold storage techniques |
| Chaurasia et al. | 2024 | trends in infectious adverse events after keratoplasty |Conclusion
Late-Onset Infections in Corneal Transplantation: A Critical Review
Late-Onset Donor-to-Host Transmission
The Utility of Corneoscleral Rim Cultures
Prognostic Role of Donor Cultures
Incidence of Fungal Infections
Preservation Techniques
Trends in Infectious Adverse Events
Summary of Key Findings
| study | Year | Key findings |
|---|---|---|
| Al-Assiri et al. | 2006 | Late-onset Candida glabrata transmission post-transplant |
| Everts et al. | 2001 | Limited utility of corneoscleral rim cultures |
| Wilhelmus & Hassan | 2007 | Limited prognostic value of donor cultures |
| Keyhani et al. | 2005 | Incidence of fungal keratitis and endophthalmitis |
| Pels et al. | 2008 | Comparison of warm versus cold storage techniques |
| Chaurasia et al. | 2024 | Trends in infectious adverse events after keratoplasty |
Conclusion
corneal transplantation has revolutionized the treatment of corneal blindness, but the risk of late-onset infections remains a significant challenge. Through rigorous research and the implementation of best practices, ophthalmologists can minimize these risks and ensure the best possible outcomes for their patients. As our understanding of these infections continues to evolve, so too will our ability to prevent and treat them effectively.
For more information on corneal transplantation and the latest research findings, visit Ophthalmology.
![Findings Table of Contents Findings Conclusion Disclosure References The Silent Threat: Endophthalmitis After Keratoplasty Past Context and Early findings Modern Insights and Challenges Preventive Measures and Best Practices Summary of Key Findings Conclusion Unveiling the Risks: Endophthalmitis Following Keratoplasty Incidence and Microbial Profile Visual and Structural Outcomes Risk Factors and Prevention Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment Summary of Key findings Conclusion Late-Onset infections in Corneal Transplantation: A Critical Review Late-Onset Donor-to-Host transmission The Utility of Corneoscleral Rim Cultures Prognostic Role of Donor Cultures Incidence of Fungal Infections Preservation Techniques Trends in Infectious Adverse Events Summary of Key Findings Conclusion Late-Onset Infections in Corneal Transplantation: A Critical Review Late-Onset Donor-to-Host Transmission The Utility of Corneoscleral Rim Cultures Prognostic Role of Donor Cultures Incidence of Fungal Infections Preservation Techniques Trends in Infectious Adverse Events Summary of Key Findings Conclusion those studies suggest that having a positive fungal CPCR is a greater determinant of developing keratitis after keratoplasty compared to bacterial contamination.Alternatively, the currently implanted regime at KKESH of prescribing postoperative prophylactic antibiotics (fluoroquinolones) seems effective. A study in India, however, found that moast gram-negative bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas spp., displayed resistance to all fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, 3rd-generationosporins, and meropenem. One-third were resistant to imipenem, but all were sensitive to colistin. We found no association between CPCR progress and both death-preservation and preservation-surgery times. This contrasts with the interval reported of five days between preservation and surgery. The study had the following limitations: All donor corneas were from the US; hence, meaningful time elapsed during transportation, which subjected them to different climatic, altitudinal, and other environmental factors. These factors may affect the microbiology of preserved corneas.Similarly, comparative studies, which have the merit of local corneal preservation and faster surgeries, would be more representative than our study. Conclusion Disclosure The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. References Mannis MJ, holland EJ. Cornea. Fourth edition. Edinburgh: Elsevier; This format should make the text easier to read and understand. If you need further assistance or have additional content to include, feel free to ask! The Silent Threat: Endophthalmitis After Keratoplasty In the intricate world of ophthalmology, few procedures are as delicate and critical as keratoplasty, or corneal transplantation. This surgical marvel has transformed the lives of countless individuals suffering from corneal diseases, yet it is indeed not without its risks. One such risk, endophthalmitis, has been a subject of intense study and concern among medical professionals. Endophthalmitis, an infection within the eye, can be a devastating complication following keratoplasty. A groundbreaking study published in the Cornea journal in 1991 highlighted the severity and implications of this condition. The research, conducted by Antonios SR, Cameron JA, Badr IA, and colleagues, shed light on the mechanisms and consequences of post-keratoplasty endophthalmitis. Their findings emphasized the critical need for stringent pre- and post-operative protocols to minimize infection risks. Past Context and Early findings The history of corneal transplantation is rich with pioneering efforts to enhance donor eye safety. As early as 1967, Polack FM, Locatcher-Khorazo D, and Gutierrez E conducted a seminal bacteriological study on donor eyes. Their work,published in the Archives of Ophthalmology,evaluated antibacterial treatments prior to corneal grafting,setting the stage for future advancements in donor eye sterilization. In the same year, Rycroft P introduced a method for preserving and sterilizing fresh donor material for full-thickness keratoplasty. This innovation,detailed in the British Journal of Ophthalmology,underscored the importance of meticulous donor eye preparation to ensure the success of corneal transplants. Modern Insights and Challenges Fast forward to the 21st century,and the challenges remain.A comprehensive report by the Eye Bank Association of America, published in the Cornea journal in 2016, reviewed adverse reactions from 2007 to 2014. The report highlighted the prevalence of donor corneal button contamination and its association with ocular infections post-transplantation. Rehany U and colleagues, in their 2004 study, examined the prevalence and risk factors for donor corneal button contamination. Their findings underscored the critical need for improved donor eye screening and handling protocols to reduce the risk of endophthalmitis. Preventive Measures and Best Practices Preventing endophthalmitis involves a multi-faceted approach, including rigorous donor eye screening, antibacterial treatments, and meticulous surgical techniques. The use of antibiotics such as Neosporin, as advocated by doctor D and Hughes I in their 1958 study, has been a cornerstone in reducing bacterial contamination. Summary of Key Findings To better understand the landscape of endophthalmitis following keratoplasty, let’s summarize the key points in the following table: | Year | authors | Key Findings | |——|———|————–| | 1967 | polack FM, Locatcher-Khorazo D, Gutierrez E | Evaluated antibacterial treatments prior to corneal grafting | | 1965 | Rycroft P | Method for preserving and sterilizing fresh donor material for full-thickness keratoplasty | | 1991 | Antonios SR, Cameron JA, Badr IA | Post-penetrating keratoplasty endophthalmitis: mechanisms and consequences | | 2004 | Rehany U | Prevalence and risk factors for donor corneal button contamination | | 2016 | Eye Bank Association of America | Adverse reactions reported from 2007 to 2014 | Conclusion The journey from the early bacteriological studies to the modern understanding of endophthalmitis post-keratoplasty has been marked by significant advancements. However, the battle against this silent threat is far from over. Continued research, stringent protocols, and innovative treatments are essential to ensure the safety and success of corneal transplants. For more insights into the latest developments in keratoplasty and endophthalmitis, stay tuned to our blog and follow us on social media. Your feedback and engagement are invaluable as we strive to provide the most accurate and up-to-date information in the field of ophthalmology. Stay informed, stay safe. Unveiling the Risks: Endophthalmitis Following Keratoplasty Endophthalmitis, a severe infection of the eye’s interior, poses a significant risk following keratoplasty, or corneal transplantation. Recent studies have shed light on the incidence,microbial profile,and outcomes of this perhaps blinding condition. Let’s delve into the latest research to understand the challenges and implications for both patients and healthcare providers. Incidence and Microbial Profile According to a study published in the ocul Immunol Inflamm journal, the incidence of endophthalmitis following keratoplasty varies but remains a critical concern. Alharbi et al. (2014) reported that the incidence can range from 0.2% to 2.1%, depending on various factors such as the surgical technique and patient health [17]. the microbial profile of endophthalmitis post-keratoplasty is diverse, with bacteria and fungi being the primary culprits. Wagoner et al. (2007) highlighted that bacterial keratitis is a significant issue, with common pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [18]. Hassan and Wilhelmus (2005) emphasized that fungal infections, though less common, can be particularly devastating due to their tendency to invade deep ocular structures [19]. Visual and Structural Outcomes The visual and structural outcomes of endophthalmitis following keratoplasty are often poor. leveille et al. (1983) noted that endophthalmitis can lead to severe vision loss, with many patients experiencing significant impairment [21]. The structural damage can be extensive, often requiring additional surgical interventions or leading to permanent loss of vision. Risk Factors and Prevention Understanding the risk factors is crucial for prevention. Routine donor corneal rim cultures have been a subject of debate. Mathers and Lemp (1987) discussed the importance of corneal rim cultures in identifying potential pathogens, which can guide prophylactic treatments [22].However, Wiffen et al. (1997) found that the value of routine cultures may be limited, suggesting that other preventive measures, such as improved surgical techniques and patient management, might be more effective [14]. Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment Recent advances in diagnostic techniques and treatments have improved the management of endophthalmitis. Vislisel et al. (2017) reported that positive donor corneoscleral rim fungal cultures can predict the risk of post-keratoplasty fungal endophthalmitis, allowing for early intervention [20]. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential for preserving vision and reducing complications. Summary of Key findings Here’s a summary of the key findings from recent studies: | Study | Key Findings | |——————————-|——————————————————————————| | Alharbi et al. (2014) | Incidence of endophthalmitis post-keratoplasty ranges from 0.2% to 2.1%. | | Wagoner et al. (2007) | Common bacterial pathogens include S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. | | Hassan & Wilhelmus (2005) | Fungal infections can be particularly severe and require aggressive treatment.| | Leveille et al.(1983) | Endophthalmitis can lead to significant vision loss and structural damage. | | Mathers & Lemp (1987) | Corneal rim cultures can identify potential pathogens for prophylactic treatment.| | Wiffen et al. (1997) | Routine donor corneal rim cultures may have limited value; improved surgical techniques are crucial.| | Vislisel et al. (2017) | Positive donor corneoscleral rim fungal cultures predict post-keratoplasty fungal endophthalmitis.| Conclusion Endophthalmitis following keratoplasty is a serious complication that requires vigilant monitoring and proactive management. With advancements in diagnostic techniques and treatments, healthcare providers can better predict and mitigate the risks associated with this condition. Patients and healthcare providers alike must remain informed about the latest research to ensure the best possible outcomes. For more detailed insights, explore the Ocul Immunol inflamm and Ophthalmology journals, where these studies were published. References: [17] Alharbi SS,Alrajhi A,Alkahtani E. Endophthalmitis following keratoplasty: incidence,microbial profile,visual and structural outcomes. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2014;22(3):218–223. doi:10.3109/09273948.2013.841956 [18] Wagoner MD, Al-Swailem SA, Sutphin JE, et al. Bacterial keratitis after penetrating keratoplasty: incidence, microbiological profile, graft survival, and visual outcome.Ophthalmology. 2007;114(6):1073–1079. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.10.015 [19] hassan SS, Wilhelmus KR. Eye-banking risk factors for fungal endophthalmitis compared with bacterial endophthalmitis after corneal transplantation. Am J Ophthalmol.2005;139(4):685–690. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2004.12.016 [20] Vislisel JM, Goins KM, Wagoner MD, et al. Incidence and outcomes of positive donor corneoscleral rim fungal cultures after keratoplasty. Ophthalmology. 2017;124(1):36–42. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.09.017 [21] Leveille AS, McMullan FD, Cavanagh HD. Endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty. Ophthalmology.1983;90(1):38–39. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(83)34601-7 [22] Mathers WD, Lemp MA. Corneal rim cultures. Cornea. 1987;6(3):231–233. doi:10.1097/00003226-198706030-00016 Late-Onset infections in Corneal Transplantation: A Critical Review Corneal transplantation,a procedure that replaces a damaged or diseased cornea with a healthy donor tissue,has substantially improved the lives of countless individuals suffering from corneal blindness. However, this life-changing surgery is not without its risks. Late-onset infections, particularly those transmitted from the donor to the host, pose a significant challenge in the field of ophthalmology. Recent studies have shed light on the incidence, implications, and prevention strategies for these infections. Late-Onset Donor-to-Host transmission In a groundbreaking study published in the Cornea journal, Al-Assiri et al. [2006] reported a case of late-onset donor-to-host transmission of candida glabrata following corneal transplantation. This fungal infection, which can lead to severe complications, highlights the critical need for stringent donor screening and tissue preservation techniques. The study emphasized that such infections can manifest weeks or even months after the surgery, making early detection and intervention crucial. The Utility of Corneoscleral Rim Cultures Everts et al. [2001] explored the utility of corneoscleral rim cultures in preventing donor-derived infections. Their findings suggested that these cultures may lack the necessary sensitivity and specificity to effectively predict or prevent infections. This has significant implications for clinical decision-making and infection prevention protocols in corneal transplantation. Prognostic Role of Donor Cultures Wilhelmus and Hassan [2007] delved into the prognostic role of donor corneoscleral rim cultures. They concluded that while these cultures can provide valuable insights, their predictive value is limited. The study underscored the importance of a comprehensive approach that includes meticulous donor screening and post-operative monitoring. Incidence of Fungal Infections Keyhani et al. [2005] investigated the incidence of fungal keratitis and endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty. Their findings indicated that fungal infections, though less common than bacterial infections, can lead to severe complications and vision loss. The study highlighted the need for vigilant monitoring and prompt treatment of any post-operative infections. Preservation Techniques Pels et al. [2008] compared different preservation techniques, focusing on warm versus cold storage. Their research suggested that both methods have their advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of technique may depend on various factors, including the specific needs of the recipient and the availability of resources. Trends in Infectious Adverse Events Chaurasia et al. [2024] conducted a ten-year analysis of infectious adverse events after elective optical keratoplasty (PK,EK,and ALK). Their findings revealed a consistent incidence of infections,with certain types of transplants showing higher risks. This study underscored the importance of ongoing research and the development of new prevention strategies. Summary of Key Findings Here is a summary table that encapsulates the key findings from these studies: | Study | Year | Key Findings | |——————————- |—— |————————————————————–| | Al-Assiri et al. | 2006 | Late-onset Candida glabrata transmission post-transplant | | Everts et al. | 2001 | limited utility of corneoscleral rim cultures | | Wilhelmus & Hassan | 2007 | Limited prognostic value of donor cultures | | Keyhani et al. | 2005 | incidence of fungal keratitis and endophthalmitis | | Pels et al. | 2008 | comparison of warm versus cold storage techniques | | Chaurasia et al. | 2024 | trends in infectious adverse events after keratoplasty | Conclusion Corneal transplantation has revolutionized the treatment of corneal blindness,but the risk of late-onset infections remains a significant challenge. Through rigorous research and the implementation of best practices, ophthalmologists can minimize these risks and ensure the best possible outcomes for their patients. As our understanding of these infections continues to evolve, so too will our ability to prevent and treat them effectively. For more information on corneal transplantation and the latest research findings, visit Cornea and Ophthalmology. Late-Onset Infections in Corneal Transplantation: A Critical Review Corneal transplantation, a procedure that replaces a damaged or diseased cornea with healthy donor tissue, has substantially improved the lives of countless individuals suffering from corneal blindness. However, this life-changing surgery is not without its risks. Late-onset infections, particularly those transmitted from the donor to the host, pose a notable challenge in the field of ophthalmology. Recent studies have shed light on the incidence, implications, and prevention strategies for these infections. Late-Onset Donor-to-Host Transmission In a groundbreaking study published in the Cornea journal, Al-Assiri et al. [2006] reported a case of late-onset donor-to-host transmission of Candida glabrata following corneal transplantation. This fungal infection, which can lead to severe complications, highlights the critical need for stringent donor screening and tissue preservation techniques. The study emphasized that such infections can manifest weeks or even months after the surgery, making early detection and intervention crucial. The Utility of Corneoscleral Rim Cultures Everts et al. [2001] explored the utility of corneoscleral rim cultures in preventing donor-derived infections. Their findings suggested that these cultures may lack the necessary sensitivity and specificity to effectively predict or prevent infections. This has significant implications for clinical decision-making and infection prevention protocols in corneal transplantation. Prognostic Role of Donor Cultures Wilhelmus and Hassan [2007] delved into the prognostic role of donor corneoscleral rim cultures. They concluded that while these cultures can provide valuable insights, their predictive value is limited. The study underscored the importance of a thorough approach that includes meticulous donor screening and post-operative monitoring. Incidence of Fungal Infections Keyhani et al. [2005] investigated the incidence of fungal keratitis and endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty. Their findings indicated that fungal infections, though less common than bacterial infections, can lead to severe complications and vision loss. The study highlighted the need for vigilant monitoring and prompt treatment of any post-operative infections. Preservation Techniques Pels et al. [2008] compared different preservation techniques, focusing on warm versus cold storage. Their research suggested that both methods have their advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of technique may depend on various factors, including the specific needs of the recipient and the availability of resources. Trends in Infectious Adverse Events Chaurasia et al. [2024] conducted a ten-year analysis of infectious adverse events after elective optical keratoplasty (PK, EK, and ALK). Their findings revealed a consistent incidence of infections,with certain types of transplants showing higher risks. This study underscored the importance of ongoing research and the progress of new prevention strategies. Summary of Key Findings](https://www.dovepress.com/article/fulltext<em>file/485717/aW1n/IDR</em>A<em>485717</em>t0003_Thumb.jpg”>Source</a></p>
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<p><strong>Discussion</strong></p>
<p>In regard to bacterial CPCR,</p>
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