Biomass, the use of agricultural waste to be recycled By processing the stored energy naturally Classified as renewable energy With the use of biomass as energy fuel Especially electricity generation
Thailand has the majority of the population in agriculture. And grow a variety of crops according to the climate in each region, making each year a waste of harvest. Or from the processing of large amounts of agricultural produce
Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency Ministry of Energy Estimate that each year There will be approximately 60 million tons of agricultural waste per year, a huge amount that needs to be disposed of. Only a small portion will be utilized.
From environmental conservation currents And reduce the use of fossil energy such as oil, natural gas and coal, resulting in the development of technology To recycle agricultural waste By processing the stored energy naturally In these scraps Which calls the agricultural waste as a whole “biomass”
Biomass refers to organic matter that is a storage source of natural energy. And can be used to produce energy These organic substances are obtained from plants and animals such as wood chips, agricultural waste materials. Which is the energy storage of plants That relies on sunlight for photosynthesis and growth. And then transformed into a solid Or converted into a liquid That can be used as renewable energy Instead of fossil energy
Biomass is therefore an important type of renewable energy (Renewable Energy: RE). With the use of biomass as energy With two sources: agricultural waste And agricultural industry processing To be used as energy fuel
Biomass arising in the area after harvesting or cutting down trees, such as rice straw, sugarcane leaves, sugarcane shoots, cassava stalks, corn leaves, corn stems, palm leaves, palm leaves and stems, soybeans, green beans, peanuts, coconut bunches, coconut leaves, coconut stems, oil palm stems. Stump and rubber tree branches
There is also biomass. That occur in the industrial processes After processing agricultural products such as rice husk, bagasse, corn cob, cassava husk Cassava pulp Empty palm bunch, palm fibers, palm shell, rubber wood wings Sawdust, rubber wood Rubber wood chips Coconut shell, coconut shell, coconut shell and cashew nut.
From the amount of biomass that occurs each year Enormous These biomass have been utilized. Especially electricity generation And some types of biomass are used as fuel ingredients Or biodiesel Which the process of converting to energy has many forms
1.Combustion Is the use of biomass to burn Will get different calorific value according to type of biomass The resulting heat can be used to produce temperature steam. And high pressure This steam is then used to drive the steam turbines to generate electricity. This type of biomass is agricultural waste and wood chips.
2.Gasification It is a solid fuel replacement process. Or biomass with a compressed air process. Fuel gas called synthetic gas (Syngas) contains methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Can be used with gas engines (Gas Engine)
3. Fermentation It is the use of biomass to ferment with bacteria in anaerobic conditions. Biomass will be degraded And decomposes biogas Containing methane gas elements Bring methane to be used as fuel in engines for generating electricity.
4.Production of liquid fuels from plants Using biological processes to decompose starch, sugar and cellulose from agricultural plants such as sugar cane, cassava, into ethanol. For use as fuel in gasoline engines If taken through physical and chemical processes By extracting oil from plants, oil, palm oil and processing. Transesterification It will produce biodiesel out for example.
The advantage of biomass as fuel is the burning of biomass even with the formation of carbon dioxide gas. Caused by combustion But it will be recycled back by plants for photosynthesis. Therefore, it does not generate greenhouse gases and is low in sulfur or sulfur gas. Which does not create problems with acid rain Ashes obtained by burning Can be cultivated Or adjust the condition of acidic soil
Economic Biomass burning for electricity generation Reduces the burden of material removal Causing the creation of local jobs The community earns more from the sale of agricultural waste materials. And also save foreign currency Because there is no need to import fuel from abroad
according Thailand Power Development Plan 2018-2037 (PDP 2018 Revision 1) Revision No. 1, approved by the Cabinet (Cabinet) on October 20, 2020, targeting 24.5% renewable energy and renewable energy (RE / EE).
But the country’s electricity generation Moreover, it produces the most natural gas at 53.4%, coal and lignite in 11.4%, and hydropower in 10.7%. Ranked second in the proportion of 24.5%
If only biomass power generation is categorized under PDP 2018, revised No. 1, the biomass power generation target is set at 4,694 MW, with 17% of which is renewable energy generation power.
As of 30 September 2020 Office of the Energy Regulatory Commission (Office of the ERC) has regulated the supply of electricity from biomass energy. There are 4,082 MW of binding biomass power plants with 293 producers and 913 MW of self-use power generation (IPS) with 39 manufacturers.
Biomass Power Plant in Thailand Today, it will play a greater role in the Renewable and Alternative Energy Development Plan 2018-2037 (AEDP 2018), setting a target to purchase 5,790 MW of biomass electricity or to have a new purchase ratio of 3,500 MW within the year 2580
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