With a investment of 16 billion pesos (MMDP), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (SADER)of the Government of Mexicowill deliver a million tons of fertilizers a two million producers to apply to three million hectares of corn and beanscorresponding to Production for Well-being programduring the year 2023according to Areli Cerón, Coordinator of the National Fertilizer Program.
Apply fertilizers has become a need priority because the mexican soils have become impoverished at a great speed in the last five decadesas a product of a productive culture markedly extractive y bad habits agricultural that have resulted in erosionwaste of yields and capacity of retention of aguawith which the aquifers have also been diminished.
Currently, if you don’t know fertilize and I dont know fumigates against pests, there are no crops. But also, if the campos there is no water in the springs, because the action of remover the tierra and making the grooves allows the catchment from rain and its infiltration into the subsoil, as the peasants of Acatlan, Puebla.
It is a great success that today it is supported by fertilizers for all the States of the countryamong whose advantages are its rapid response in nutrient-deficient soils and, as we have already pointed out before, also very poor in organic material and microorganisms necessary for the decomposition this. The bad habits productive have caused the loss of fertile soilof organic matter and of the microbes that give life to agricultural land.
However, between Disadvantages of Using Fertilizers could be mentioned the effects of salinizationhe risk of contamination of aquifersthe low efficiency and gas production effect greenhouses As the nitrous oxide o sulphurous.
The trend world goes in the direction of recover las regenerative practices in the agriculture y transit towards the organic products, free of agrochemicals.
That is why, add organic matter to soils through manure of animals, compost, leaf soil or leaving part of the crop residuesthey are practical indispensablealthough for the loss of the microorganismsthese are no longer enough, it requires the addition of biofertilizers.
Los biofertilizers son products made from microorganismsmainly bacteria y funguswhich have different functions in the planta and the floor: fix nitrogen from the air or help break down materia organic to make it usable, they improve the conditions for improve the absorption of the nutrientsor promote the development radicular for maximum moisture scanning capability, as per Marcel Moralesexpert and pioneer in the manufacturing of these supplies.
The application of biofertilizers in sugar cane has allowed sustained yields of 140 tons per hectare during 10 years, against 60 to 70 tons presented by traditional crops that must be sown again to the 4 or 5 years.
In Sinaloain the 2020-2021 cycle, in the cultivation of white corn, when comparing the use of 400 kilos of ammonia per hectare against only 100 kilos more than biofertilizersgrain yields were 10.41 tons per hectare against 12.2 tons per hectare, and the utilities of 31 thousand 500 pesos and 43 thousand pesos per hectare, respectively.
In Mexicali, Baja Californiain the 2011 cycle, in wheat, the application of 250 kilograms of nitrogen per hectare with chemical fertilizationresulted in a yield of 5 tons of grain per hectare. But, by reducing the chemical fertilization by 25 percent and add biofertilizers, the performance with increase a 8.2 tons of grain per hectare.
Similarly, in Guanajuatoin it cycle 2000, in barley production, without fertilization 1,666 kilograms of grain per hectare were obtained; with fertilization 100 percent chemical, the yield was 2 thousand 900 kilograms of grain per hectare; and, with 100 percent chemical fertilization plus biofertilizers, 3 thousand 625 kg of grain were obtained. Others results indicate that with 100 percent of the chemical fertilization 4.4 tons of grain per hectare are obtained, and with only one 25 percent biofertilizershe performance climb up 5.7 tons of grain.
Los biofertilizers and the agriculture of conservation are part of the strategy of regenerative agriculture most important in the world. More of 155 million hectares around the planet have adopted agriculture conservation as its productive strategy. States Joined has 35.6 million hectares, Brazil 31, Argentina 27, Canada 18, Australia 17, China 6.6 and Mexico only 41 thousand hectaresapproximately 0.18 percent of its planted area. in the last 11 years, this strategy has increased a world level at an average rate annual of 7 million hectares.
After one year of applying the agriculture of conservation in 8 municipalities of the Southern Sierra of Oaxacacon 170 corn producers, an average increase was found of 520 kilograms of grain per hectare. Besides, 7 out of 10 participants recognize an increase in river and stream flow, less runoff from rainan increase in cleaning of the streams and also in the recharge of aquifers according to Agrointensiva Consultores.
All of the above, fertilizers, biofertilizers y agriculture of conservation are the future of agriculture for the well-being and food security of Mexico and the world.
