Belgium was the largest exporter of vaccines for humans in 2022, reaching 46,000 million dollars, according to data from Eurostat.
The amount represents an increase of 3.6% over 2021 and a record.
Within these exports, 35.700 million dollars corresponded to vaccines related to coronaviruses.
According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), vaccine production is highly specialized, subject to comparative advantages, and concentrated in a few countries.
The Covid-19 pandemic triggered exports of vaccines for human medicine. In the case of Belgium, they went from 11.8 billion dollars in 2020 to 44.5 billion in 2021.
The latest available trade data reveal that while most countries in the world import vaccines, relatively few export them.
As of 2020, vaccines are imported by 208 economies (relative to other products, vaccines rank in the 6th percentile in terms of the total number of importing countries), while they are exported by 90 economies (relative to other products, vaccines rank in the 35th percentile in terms of the total number of exporting countries). All countries need vaccines, but not all can produce them.
Vaccines for humans
Although each vaccine involves different components, the vaccine supply chain can be divided into three, and sometimes four, key steps (depending on the vaccine), according to the OECD.
First comes drug discovery, then mass production, followed by distribution and administration, and finally reverse logistics (in case products like coolers need to be returned).
Exports of human vaccines from China they went from 280 million dollars in 2020, to 15,660 million in 2021 and only 993 million in 2022.
According to the US government, vaccines are injections, liquids, pills, or nasal sprays that people take to teach their body’s immune system to recognize and defend itself against harmful germs.
For example, there are vaccines to protect against diseases caused by viruses, such as those that cause the flu and Covid-19, and bacteria, such as tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis.
Lastly, exports of human vaccines from USA they rose from $1.77 billion to $14.81 billion from 2020 to 2021, and then fell to $7.920, according to Commerce Department statistics.
2023-07-23 23:16:10
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