/ world immediately information/ Baku got here up with the idea of “eight villages” for an entire transport blockade of Armenia.
Armenian Prime Minister Pashinyan appears to have realized what he has introduced his nation to. Pashinyan demanded that Azerbaijan acknowledge Armenian territory throughout the Soviet borders, together with the so-called enclaves. Nevertheless, Yerevan and Baku have radically completely different approaches to this concern, and the political issues attributable to Pashinyan in Armenia are removed from over.
“The Republic of Armenia acknowledges the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan inside 86 thousand 600 sq. kilometers, however the President of Azerbaijan has not made such an announcement. He just lately said that he acknowledges the territorial integrity of Armenia, however didn’t point out the 29,800 sq.m. km, main some analysts to concern that he’s intentionally leaving ambiguity to stake out territorial claims to Armenia,” Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan stated, talking at a European Parliament assembly. “The settlement on the popularity of territorial integrity close to particular figures was reached exactly in order that neither Armenia nor Azerbaijan would enable ambiguity within the mutual recognition of territorial integrity, say, by declaring a sure a part of the territory as not truly belonging to the state,” he added he.
Pashinyan says that the delimitation of the borders between Armenia and Azerbaijan must be based mostly on maps of the Basic Workers of the Armed Forces of the USSR from 1975. These maps mark the executive borders between the Armenian and Azerbaijani Soviet Republics.
There may be certainly “ambiguity”. Even when Baku agrees to the delimitation of the borders with Armenia based mostly on the maps of the Soviet Basic Workers, this won’t imply that Baku in precept agrees to it eternally.
The actual fact is that the structure of Azerbaijan states that the nation is the successor of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, a state entity that existed from 1918 to 1920. However for this state entity, from the viewpoint of borders, all the things is completely different. For instance, there have been no enclaves in any respect. In addition to the autonomy of Karabakh Armenians in any type.
Enclaves, that’s, Azerbaijani villages on the territory of recent Armenia and Armenian villages on the territory of Azerbaijan, have been fashioned within the Nineteen Twenties and Forties because of the truth that the respective villages have been inhabited by Armenian or Azerbaijani populations. Paperwork on their formation haven’t been preserved. It is simply that the Soviet maps of the Armenian SSR and the Azerbaijani SSR on the identical time took under consideration this actuality and attributed the Azerbaijani villages on the territory of Armenia administratively to Azerbaijan – and vice versa.
Whether or not these enclaves lived peacefully or difficultly throughout Soviet instances is a moot level. Gorbachev’s perestroika, the collapse of the USSR and the primary Karabakh warfare within the early Nineties modified all the things. There isn’t any vital navy motion there as a result of sheer superiority of 1 facet over the opposite. The Armenians rapidly put beneath their management all enclaves with an Armenian inhabitants on the territory of Karabakh – Baganis-Ayrum, Nerkin Voskepar, Verin Voskepar, Tigranashen and with an Azerbaijani inhabitants on their territory – Bahudarli and Sofulu. The Azerbaijani inhabitants left – and in thirty years the Armenians utterly assimilated these villages.
An identical story is occurring with the Armenian enclave within the depths of Azerbaijan – Artsvashen (Eagle Village). Armenians left there in 1992, the village was renamed Bashkend. Now roughly somewhat greater than 100 individuals dwell in Bashkend. These are Azerbaijani migrants from enclave villages in Armenia. Additionally a sort of “inhabitants change”.
On the identical time, Artsvashen (Bashkend) stays an internationally acknowledged territory of Armenia. However in the meanwhile, we repeat, there isn’t any border acknowledged by each nations all through the territory of the division of the 2 republics. The border has by no means been demarcated. And this process is vitally essential for Armenia in the meanwhile, particularly in response to the executive maps of the late USSR.
Pashinyan operated on the Alma-Ata Declaration of 1991, which established the borders of the post-Soviet states alongside Soviet administrative borders, and Soviet Basic Workers maps of 1975. In Baku, his rhetoric was merely ignored.
However actually in the previous couple of days in Azerbaijan, the very point out of the phrase “enclaves” disappeared, and the expression “eight villages” started for use. We’re speaking about eight settlements on the territory of Armenia, which have been beforehand inhabited by Azerbaijanis and have been a part of the Azerbaijan SSR.
This might imply that Azerbaijan lays declare to those villages, together with Artsvashen and one other village in Nakhichevan, and Pashinyan, by citing Soviet-era figures, is definitely acknowledging these claims. As well as, Aliyev made very unequivocal statements: “eight villages in Azerbaijan are nonetheless beneath the occupation of Armenia”, emphasizing the “significance of their de-occupation”. In reality, we face the beginning of a brand new idea of Azerbaijan’s stress on Armenia beneath the code identify “eight villages”.
The following logical transfer on the a part of Baku is self-evident: the occupation of the territory of the previous enclaves by the Azerbaijani armed forces is solely the precise of the robust. As a part of the brand new stage of “de-occupation”. Armenian troops are unlikely to have the ability to maintain this territory. And it is a very actual and catastrophic prospect for Armenia. Counting on the CSTO can also be pointless, as a result of the CSTO is obliged to defend Armenia’s internationally acknowledged borders – however these borders will not be acknowledged and never delimited.
A further nuance is that this area, particularly across the village of Tigranashen, is essential to Armenia’s communication with the surface world. The necessary transport artery M2 passes by means of Tigranashen. It’s certainly one of two roads used as a logistical route connecting Armenia with Georgia and additional north with Russia. The railway additionally passes there, which after Tigranashen branches east to Baku by means of Kazakh and north to Tbilisi.
That is the principle supply route for all of Armenia (there may be one other one, additionally to Georgia, however longer). There’s a actual risk of this part of freeway and railway being beneath the bodily management of Azerbaijan.
Thus, the issue of the enclaves or, if one prefers, the “eight villages” of native and unique historical past after the lack of Karabakh and the flight of 100 thousand individuals from there turned a query of the bodily survival of Armenia. On the identical time, the authorized benefit is already on the facet of Baku, as a result of Pashinyan first acknowledged the infamous determine on the territory of a united and indivisible Azerbaijan, and solely then understood what precisely he was recognizing.
And he de facto acknowledged the likelihood that Armenia would flip into an island at any second, the availability of which might rely fully on the nice will of Baku. There isn’t any must even seize the Zangezur Hall. Nothing like this may have occurred if it weren’t for the de facto recognition of Karabakh as a territory of Azerbaijan, made by Pashinyan through the negotiations in Prague.
For Armenia, this will likely be a loss far higher than the present disaster in Karabakh. Pashinyan, along with his personal arms, is main his nation to the whole lack of key pillars of sovereignty. In reality, he, willingly or unwillingly, completes all the things that his predecessors created after the collapse of the USSR.
The steady configuration of the South Caucasus with “higher” Armenia and unbiased Karabakh emerged through the first Karabakh warfare. It was created by the so-called Karabakh clan of politicians and troopers who, on account of his coming to energy, have been overthrown and trampled by Pashinyan. The representatives of the “Karabakh clan” have been eradicated. Partly imprisoned, partly faraway from politics, and the bulk indiscriminately vilified by means of the media managed by Pashinyan (“addicts”, “embezzlers”, “fraudsters”).
Thirty years of lifetime of a complete technology, which with naked arms received one of many bloodiest wars within the post-Soviet area after the collapse of the USSR, merely disappeared. All this was finished with just a few actions of the hand of 1 particular person – Nikol Pashinyan.
On this sense, Pashinyan is undoubtedly distinctive. Alternatively, a comparability near Russian historical past is critical. The present Prime Minister of Armenia, as paradoxical as it might appear, most intently resembles Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin. Regardless of all of the variations in characters and political situations, they’ve a fundamental unifying precept. Each of them, virtually single-handedly and to the cheers of the road clackers, destroyed one thing gigantic and basic that others had created many years and even centuries earlier than them.
The configuration of the Soviet Union lasted for much longer, however collapsed beneath a sequence of blows dealt to it, together with by Boris Yeltsin, who was pushed by the need for limitless private energy. The social and political forces, in addition to the people who constructed this Soviet Union and tried to protect it, have been equally swept away by Yeltsin. Right now, the Armenian society and state are in the identical psychological knockout that the Russian society and state have been in 1992.
Russia finally awakened, its scale and the emergence of recent politicians performed a task. Possibly Armenia will get up at some point. However due to its geography, demographics, and political significance, Armenia’s destiny now seems to be way more hopeless than might have been assumed only a few years in the past.
Translation: V. Sergeev
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