Rising Cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in Indonesia: What You Need to Know
In early January 2025, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia reported cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in the country, sparking concerns about a potential second wave of a pandemic. All reported cases involved children, raising questions about the virus’s dangers and prevention strategies.
Dr. Betty Suryawati, Head of the Bachelor of Medicine Study Program at the Faculty of Medicine (FK) at Sebelas Maret University (UNS) surakarta, explained that HMPV is a respiratory virus that causes symptoms similar to the common cold or flu. These include fever, sore throat, nasal congestion, and cough. unlike COVID-19, which is caused by the Coronavirus, HMPV belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family.
“The viruses that cause HMPV and COVID-19 have different mechanisms of transmission, replication, and pathogenesis,” Dr. Betty stated. “Clinical symptoms of HMPV infection tend to be mild to moderate, with upper respiratory tract infections such as fever, cough, runny nose, and sore throat. In children or individuals with weakened immune systems,it can cause pneumonia,but it is indeed generally milder compared to COVID-19.”
HMPV spreads through airborne transmission and contact with contaminated surfaces. “Patients with HMPV infection can transmit it through sneezing, coughing, or touching objects like doorknobs or other surfaces in public places,” Dr. Betty added. “When contaminated hands touch the eyes,mouth,or nose,the virus can enter the body and cause infection.”
To prevent the spread of HMPV, Dr. Betty emphasized the importance of boosting immunity through nutritious food, adequate rest, and proper hydration.Maintaining hand hygiene, especially after visiting public places, is also crucial. “Most viral infections can heal on their own with a strong immune system. Respiratory tract infections caused by HMPV do not require special therapy. What is needed is to improve the immune system by eating well, resting, and keeping hands clean,” she explained.
For those experiencing symptoms, over-the-counter medications like paracetamol or cold medicine can help alleviate discomfort. Dr. Betty also advised practicing cough etiquette—covering the mouth and nose with the inside of the elbow instead of the palm—to prevent the spread of droplets containing the virus.While HMPV is not as severe as COVID-19, vigilance is still necessary, especially for vulnerable populations. Wearing masks in public places and maintaining good hygiene practices can significantly reduce the risk of transmission.
Key Points About HMPV
Table of Contents
| Aspect | Details |
|————————–|—————————————————————————–|
| Symptoms | Fever, sore throat, nasal congestion, cough |
| Transmission | Airborne droplets, contact with contaminated surfaces |
| At-Risk Groups | Children, individuals with weakened immune systems |
| Prevention | Boost immunity, maintain hand hygiene, wear masks in public |
| Treatment | Symptomatic relief (e.g., paracetamol, cold medicine) |
As the world continues to navigate the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding and addressing emerging viruses like HMPV is essential. By staying informed and adopting preventive measures, we can protect ourselves and our communities from potential health threats.
For more updates on health-related news, visit the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia or follow UNS Public Relations.
Editor: Dwi Hastuti
Understanding Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): Expert Insights on Prevention, Symptoms, and Treatment
In early 2025, Indonesia reported a rise in cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), a respiratory virus that primarily affects children. With symptoms resembling the common cold or flu,HMPV has sparked concerns about its potential impact on public health.To shed light on this emerging virus, we spoke with Dr. Betty Suryawati, a leading expert in respiratory infections and Head of the Bachelor of Medicine Study Program at Sebelas Maret University (UNS) Surakarta. In this interview, Dr. Suryawati explains the key aspects of HMPV, its transmission, and how individuals can protect themselves and their communities.
What is Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)?
Senior Editor: Dr.Suryawati, thank you for joining us. To start, could you explain what HMPV is and how it differs from other respiratory viruses like COVID-19?
Dr. Betty Suryawati: Certainly. Human Metapneumovirus, or HMPV, is a respiratory virus that belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family. It primarily affects the upper respiratory tract, causing symptoms such as fever, cough, nasal congestion, and sore throat. While these symptoms may sound similar to those of COVID-19, the two viruses are quite different in terms of their structure, transmission mechanisms, and severity. Unlike COVID-19, which is caused by the Coronavirus, HMPV tends to cause milder infections, especially in healthy individuals. However, it can lead to more severe complications like pneumonia in children or those with weakened immune systems.
How Does HMPV Spread?
Senior Editor: How does HMPV spread, and what are the primary modes of transmission?
Dr. Betty Suryawati: HMPV spreads through airborne transmission, much like other respiratory viruses. When an infected person sneezes or coughs, they release droplets containing the virus into the air. These droplets can be inhaled by others, leading to infection. Additionally,HMPV can spread through contact with contaminated surfaces.Such as, if someone touches a doorknob or other objects that have the virus on them and then touches their eyes, nose, or mouth, they can become infected. This is why maintaining good hand hygiene is so vital.
Who is Most at Risk?
Senior Editor: Are ther specific groups of people who are more vulnerable to severe HMPV infections?
Dr. Betty Suryawati: Yes, certain groups are at higher risk. Children, especially those under the age of five, are more susceptible to HMPV because their immune systems are still developing. Additionally,individuals with weakened immune systems,such as the elderly or those with chronic illnesses,are more likely to experience severe symptoms or complications like pneumonia. For these vulnerable populations, taking preventive measures is crucial.
Prevention Strategies
Senior Editor: what steps can people take to protect themselves and others from HMPV?
Dr. Betty Suryawati: Prevention is key when it comes to HMPV. First and foremost, boosting your immune system is essential. This can be achieved through a balanced diet rich in nutrients, adequate rest, and staying hydrated. Maintaining good hand hygiene is also critical—washing your hands frequently with soap and water or using hand sanitizer can significantly reduce the risk of infection. Wearing masks in crowded or public places can help prevent the spread of airborne droplets. Lastly, practicing cough etiquette, such as covering your mouth and nose with the inside of your elbow when coughing or sneezing, can minimize the spread of the virus.
Treatment Options
Senior Editor: What should someone do if they suspect they have HMPV? Are there specific treatments available?
Dr. Betty Suryawati: Most cases of HMPV are mild and can be managed at home. Over-the-counter medications like paracetamol or cold medicine can help alleviate symptoms such as fever and nasal congestion. It’s also critically important to rest and stay hydrated to support the immune system. However, if symptoms worsen or if the individual belongs to a high-risk group, they should seek medical attention. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required, particularly if pneumonia develops.
Comparing HMPV and COVID-19
Senior Editor: How does HMPV compare to COVID-19 in terms of severity and public health impact?
Dr. betty Suryawati: While both viruses affect the respiratory system, HMPV is generally less severe than COVID-19.Most people with HMPV experience mild to moderate symptoms, and the virus rarely leads to severe complications in healthy individuals. However,the concern with HMPV lies in its potential to affect vulnerable populations,particularly children.Unlike COVID-19, which has caused widespread global disruption, HMPV is not currently considered a pandemic threat. Having mentioned that, it’s still critically important to remain vigilant and take preventive measures to protect those who are most at risk.
Conclusion
Senior Editor: Thank you, Dr. Suryawati, for sharing your expertise. To summarize, what are the key takeaways for our readers regarding HMPV?
Dr. Betty Suryawati: The key takeaways are simple but important. First, HMPV is a respiratory virus that causes mild to moderate symptoms in most people but can be more severe in children and those with weakened immune systems. Second, it spreads through airborne droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces, so practicing good hygiene and wearing masks in public can definitely help prevent transmission. while there is no specific treatment for HMPV,most cases can be managed with rest,hydration,and over-the-counter medications. by staying informed and taking these precautions, we can protect ourselves and our communities from this emerging virus.
For more updates on health-related news, visit the Ministry of Health of the Republic of indonesia or follow UNS Public relations.
Editor: Dwi Hastuti
