Transaminases are key enzymes for liver health and protein synthesis. Their level in the blood can give valuable indications about the state of certain organs and reveal the presence of underlying health problems. What are the different types of transaminases? What are their roles ? How to analyze them? Find our analysis in this article.
What is the role of transaminases?
Transaminases, also known as d’enzymes aminotransférases, are present in the cells of many organs, including the liver, heart, and skeletal muscle. Their main role is to catalyze the conversion of amino acids into compounds called ketoacids. This reaction is essential for the synthesis of many proteins and the production of energy in cells.
Description of the function of transaminases
Transaminases work by transferring an amino group (NH2) from an amino acid to a keto acid, thus forming a new amino acid and a new keto acid. This reaction is reversible, which means that transaminases can also convert keto acids into amino acids.
The different types of transaminases and their specific roles
There are several types of transaminases, but the two types most commonly used in medicine are alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). ALT is mainly present in liver cells, while AST is present in liver, heart and muscle cells. If there is injury or damage to these organs, levels of ALT and AST can rise in the blood.
Importance of transaminases in protein synthesis
Transaminases play a crucial role in protein synthesis. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and the reaction catalyzed by transaminases is one of the first steps in the synthesis of new proteins. Transaminases are therefore essential for the growth and repair of tissues, as well as for the maintenance of normal cellular function.
How to do a transaminase analysis?
Transaminases are mainly found in the liver, heart and muscles. An analysis of the amount of transaminases in the blood can help diagnose diseases of these organs.
Transaminase analysis techniques
There are two main methods for analyzing transaminases: the enzymatic method and the photometric method. The enzymatic method is the most commonly used and involves measuring the amount of transaminases present in the blood using an enzymatic reaction. The photometric method uses a spectrophotometer to assess the absorbance spectrum of blood. That is to say, it measures the amount of light absorbed by the blood at a certain wavelength.
Normal values of transaminases in the blood
The normal values of transaminases in the blood vary according to sex, age and the laboratory where the analysis is carried out. In general, normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values are less than 35 units/litre for men and 30 units/litre for women. Normal aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values are lowerabove 40 units/litre for men and 35 units/litre for women.
Interpretation of transaminase test results
If the results of the transaminase test show a high level, this mayDoes not indicate liver or muscle damage. However, a high level of transaminases does not always mean that there is a serious disease. Sometimes it can be due to strenuous physical activity or taking certain medications. A complete evaluation of the patient is therefore necessary to determine the exact cause of the increase in the level of transaminases.
When is a transaminase test necessary?
Transaminase testing may be prescribed for a variety of reasons, including:
- diagnose liver disease;
- follow the evolution of an existing liver disease;
- monitor the effect of certain drugs on the liver.
The dosage of transaminases is carried out using a blood sample taken from a vein in the arm. The patient must be fasting before the analysis is carried out. Subsequently, the blood is transferred to a laboratory for analysis.
Before doing a transaminase assay, it is important to follow the doctor’s instructions. This may include fasting for several hours before the scan, stopping certain medications, or following a specific diet. Also, it is important to discuss all medications you are taking with your doctor, as some may affect the test results.
High transaminase levels: what are the causes and effects?
Increased levels of transaminases in the blood can indicate health problems, including liver diseases (hepatitis B and C, cirrhosis and liver cancer, etc.). This increase may be due to factors such as:
- Excessive consumption of alcohol;
- Gallbladder disorders;
- heart disease;
- Viral infections;
- Hepatotoxic drugs;
- Hemochromatosis;
- Wilson’s disease;
- Parasites in the blood (parasitosis), etc.
If an elevated level of transaminases is detected, it may indicate liver damage which is an extremely important organ. If the underlying cause is not treated, it can lead to serious health problems, most of which can become irreversible without prompt treatment.
The consequences of elevated transaminases depend on the severity of underlying liver injury. In the most severe cases, liver failure can occur, leading to symptoms such as mental confusion, jaundice, ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdomen) and an increased risk of bleeding.
However, elevated transaminases do not always mean serious liver injury. If the results of a blood test reveal an elevated level of transaminases, it is important to discuss this with a doctor. Treatment will depend on the underlying cause.
What precautions should be taken to avoid an increase in the level of transaminases?
Due to the serious consequences of an increase in the level of transaminase in the blood, it is essential to take precautions to protect yourself from it. This may include changing your lifestyle and adopting a healthy diet.
Eat foods that lower transaminase levels
There are certain foods that have the property of maintaining a healthy level of transaminases in the blood. Among them, we find in particular white meat, rich in protein and B vitamins, which are essential for maintaining a healthy liver. The proteins it contains also help regenerate damaged liver cells.
Other foods are also recommended. This is the case with eggs, which contain choline, a nutrient that helps reduce the accumulation of fat in the liver. Fish, especially lean fish, is high in omega-3, an essential fatty acid that exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and may protect the liver against oxidative damage.
Fruits are also particularly suitable, especially avocado. The latter is rich in folic acid, fiber, vitamins C, K, E and potassium. Other fruits such as berries, apples, citrus fruits, grapes, peaches and pears are also high in antioxidants and fiber, which are known to help support a healthy liver.
Adopt a healthy lifestyle
It is important to adopt a healthy lifestyle to maintain a healthy liver and avoid an increase in transaminase levels. First, avoid excessive alcohol consumption which can damage liver cells and increase transaminase levels. Women should avoid consuming more than one alcoholic drink per day, while men, more than two alcoholic drinks.
Then, maintain a healthy weight. Obesity and overweight are risk factors for liver disease that can increase transaminase levels. It is therefore important to maintain a healthy weight by following a healthy, balanced diet and exercising regularly. Regular exercise can help reduce inflammation and improve liver health. At least 30 minutes of moderate exercise daily, such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming, is recommended.
Avoid hepatotoxic drugs
Some drugs can be hepatotoxic, that is, they can damage liver cells and increase transaminase levels. Thus, it is important to avoid or use medications such as acetaminophen, antidepressants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and certain antibiotics with caution.
Avoid liver infections
Liver infections can also lead to increased levels of transaminases. It is therefore important to take them carefully to avoid these infections. Viral liver infections, such as hepatitis A, B, and C, are transmitted primarily through blood or body fluids. Avoid sharing needles, razors or other personal items. Also avoid unprotected sex.
In addition, it is also important to follow certain precautions in terms of hygiene. Be sure to wash your hands regularly with soap and water. Avoid raw or undercooked foods, especially seafood, which may be contaminated with viruses or bacteria. Also avoid unsanitary or risky places such as vacant lots and stagnant water.
In the event of a liver infection, it is important to consult a doctor urgently in order to receive the appropriate therapy. Treatments may include antiviral drugs or antifungals, as well as antibiotics for bacterial infections.
2023-05-01 00:12:26
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