Recent veterinary work suggests reexamining the management of certain health conditions that could previously justify this practice, such as behavioral problems.
Imagen: Freepik.
Euthanasia and end of life in companion animals are complex issues that challenge veterinary ethics. However, traditional debate in this area often ignores political and cultural factors that influence the perception of life and death, as well as the quality of life of animals. A new approach, inspired by Critical Disability Studies (CDS), suggests the need to consider these dimensions to enrich and nuance euthanasia decisions in veterinary practice.
From a CDS perspective, the question arises of what constitutes a life worth living for an animal. Instead of focusing exclusively on “quality of life” from a functional point of view, it is suggested to consider factors such as individual affective experiences and what is really important for each animal. This approach values the animal’s individuality and could lead to decisions that include its emotional well-being and preferences.
An analysis of disability in animals
As suggested this jobthe CDS also question the ability/disability dichotomy and suggest that this division may be too narrow to understand disability in animals. This opens the door to reexamining the management of health conditions that could previously be grounds for euthanasia, such as psychological illnesses or behavioral problems. Instead of making decisions based on a rigid view of disability, this perspective suggests a more flexible approach focused on the possibility of adapting the environment or care.
The voice of the animal in decision making
One of the most innovative contributions of the CDS to veterinary ethics is the idea of prioritizing the “voice” of the animal, beyond the owner’s choice. This raises ethical and practical questions about how to interpret animals’ preferences in critical decisions such as euthanasia. Listening and observing animals more carefully can provide valuable information about their desires and emotional well-being.
The power of care and its ambivalences
Finally, this approach highlights the role of power and responsibility in end-of-life decisions, where euthanasia can be seen as an act of care and compassion. However, the CDS invite reflection on the ambivalence of this power and the need for ethics that allows the veterinarian to act as a caregiver aware of the implications of their decision.
A path towards more inclusive veterinary ethics
In its euthanasia guidelines, the AVMA already recognizes the need to research and better understand what constitutes a good life or an impoverished life in animals. Incorporating perspectives from Critical Disability Studies in this ethical debate could enrich veterinary studies with a deeper and more complete approach, where not only the life of the animal is considered, but also its experience and intrinsic value.
This proposal presents a path towards veterinary ethics that recognizes the dignity and value of each animal, and that allows veterinarians to make end-of-life decisions with a greater understanding of the complex realities surrounding euthanasia and animal welfare.
