Altitude Sickness: Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment

Altitude Sickness: What You Need to Know Before Your Mountain Holiday

In the Netherlands, we are not accustomed to great heights. However, if you are planning a holiday in a mountainous destination, it’s important to be aware of altitude sickness. This condition can occur at high altitudes and can cause discomfort and health issues. In this article, we will discuss when altitude sickness occurs, what to do if you experience it, and how to prevent it.

When does altitude sickness occur?

Altitude sickness, also known as mountain sickness, does not affect everyone. The exact reason why some individuals are more susceptible to it is still unknown. However, if you ascend to a high altitude quickly, you may experience symptoms such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. These symptoms can occur at an altitude as low as 2,500 meters. Whether you rapidly ascend to a high point in the mountains or land at a flight destination located at a high altitude, the risk of experiencing altitude sickness increases due to the decrease in oxygen levels. As you go higher, the amount of oxygen in the air decreases. For instance, at an altitude of 2.5 kilometers, there is 25 percent less oxygen compared to sea level. On Mount Everest, which stands at 8,800 meters, there is a staggering 66 percent less oxygen in the air.

At an altitude of 3,000 meters, approximately 1 in 4 people experience altitude sickness. Above 5,000 meters, almost everyone will have complaints. It usually takes around 8 hours for the symptoms to manifest.

What should you do in case of altitude sickness?

If you experience altitude sickness, in addition to the aforementioned symptoms, you may also have trouble sleeping, feel dizzy, or have a decreased appetite. These symptoms should not be ignored, as they serve as warnings. Staying at the same altitude for a while allows your body to acclimatize, and in most cases, the symptoms will subside on their own. However, if you continue ascending to higher altitudes, it can be dangerous for your health. Serious complications may arise, such as difficulty walking, impaired speech, confusion, breathing problems, or even loss of consciousness. In such cases, it is crucial to immediately descend to an altitude where you previously experienced no symptoms and seek medical attention as soon as possible. In severe cases, altitude sickness can be fatal.

Are there medicines for altitude sickness?

To alleviate the symptoms of altitude sickness, you can use medications such as paracetamol for headaches or anti-nausea medicine. Supplemental oxygen can also be helpful. In certain cases, a doctor may prescribe acetazolamide, which affects the body’s water and salt levels, reducing the symptoms of altitude sickness.

How can altitude sickness be prevented?

Preventing altitude sickness involves gradually ascending to higher altitudes. Avoid ascending too rapidly and plan rest days in between. Above 2,500 meters, limit your ascent to a maximum of 300 to 600 meters per day and spend every other day at the same altitude. It is important to stay hydrated, and Thuisarts.nl recommends drinking at least 3 liters of water per day. Avoid alcohol, drugs, and sleeping pills, and refrain from engaging in strenuous exercise during the first few days. Consult with your doctor to determine if using acetazolamide preventively is suitable for you, as it can be effective for some individuals in preventing altitude sickness.

In conclusion, if you are planning a holiday in a mountainous region, it is essential to be aware of altitude sickness and take necessary precautions. By understanding when altitude sickness occurs, what to do if you experience it, and how to prevent it, you can ensure a safe and enjoyable mountain holiday.

(Source: Thuisarts.nl, Radboudumc, GGD Travel Vaccinations, Health Square, Pharmacy.nl. Photo: Shutterstock)

When should you consult a healthcare professional if you suspect you have altitude sickness

Despite experiencing symptoms, altitude sickness can worsen and lead to more serious health issues. In severe cases, it can even be life-threatening.

If you suspect you have altitude sickness, it is important to descend to a lower altitude immediately. Going down by at least 300-500 meters can significantly alleviate symptoms. Resting, staying hydrated, and avoiding alcohol and strenuous physical activity are also crucial in managing altitude sickness. Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen can help with headaches, but it is important to consult a healthcare professional if the symptoms persist or worsen.

How can you prevent altitude sickness?

The best way to prevent altitude sickness is to ascend gradually. Gradual acclimatization allows your body to adjust to the changes in oxygen levels. If you are flying to a high-altitude destination, take note that flying directly to a high altitude can increase your risk of altitude sickness. Consider spending a few days at a lower altitude before heading up to allow your body to adapt.

Staying well-hydrated is crucial in preventing altitude sickness. Drink plenty of water and avoid excessive alcohol and caffeine consumption. Eating a balanced diet rich in carbohydrates can also aid in acclimatization. Additionally, avoid strenuous exercise during the first few days of your stay at higher altitudes.

Lastly, it is advisable to consult your healthcare provider before traveling to a high-altitude location, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions or if you are unsure about your ability to handle the altitude.

In conclusion, altitude sickness can be a concern for individuals traveling to high-altitude destinations. Understanding when it occurs, what to do if you experience it, and how to prevent it is crucial in ensuring a safe and enjoyable mountain holiday. Remember to ascend gradually, stay hydrated, and pay attention to your body’s warning signs. By taking these precautions, you can minimize the risk of altitude sickness and fully enjoy your mountain adventure.