Already Healed, Why Can You Be Infected With Covid-19 Again?

JAKARTA – A recovered Covid-19 disease does not mean it is immune and is not infected with this virus. Currently scientists are still researching the immune system response to the virus.

They are looking to find out if the healing process will be permanent. These findings are of course crucial not only for survivors but also for vaccine makers to get the most effective vaccine possible. There are two kinds of immune system, innate immunity and acquired immunity.

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Both play an important role in fighting viruses and other pathogens. “The innate immune system is revolutionary, the old part of the body’s immune response,” said Santosha Vardhana, MD, PhD, quoted from Webmd. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense. The reaction of the immune system in dealing with Covid-19 is the occurrence of fever.

Following immune acquisition, this immune system works to fight viruses by removing white blood cells including B and T lymphocytes. B lymphocytes make antibodies, while T lymphocytes take two forms: cells that help and cells that kill. Killer cells attack antigens and help control the immune system by releasing chemicals called cytokines. Meanwhile, helper cells accompanying B cells can make antibodies.

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“Most infected people, 90%, develop antibodies,” says Joel Ernst, MD, an immunologist and professor at the UCSF School of Medicine. Asymptomatic people have fewer antibodies and may go undetected. But most of them also develop an immune response. including neutralizing antibodies.

Researchers have discovered how T cells respond to Covid-19 infection. Several factors such as disease severity, patient gender (women have a higher response) also influence. It found that people with strong T cell responses developed milder disease.

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