/ world at present information/ What occurred on the fifteenth BRICS summit in Johannesburg has a very historic significance. Even when the president of BRICS founder Russia was not concerned, what occurred was nonetheless a watershed second in fashionable historical past. The world order is altering earlier than our eyes. Let’s attempt to perceive the that means of the tectonic adjustments happening.
Initially, BRIC was an acronym for 4 international locations – Brazil, Russia, India and China, which economist Jim O’Neill proposed in 2001 as a generalization for international locations with an actively creating financial system, striving to meet up with the international locations of the developed West in various primary parameters . On this sense, the BRIC international locations started to grasp what Emmanuel Wallerstein calls “a rustic from the semi-periphery”. In Wallerstein’s world-system idea, the world is split into three zones:
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Core (the wealthy West)
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Semi-periphery (specifically BRIC) and
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Periphery (the poor South).
Wallerstein himself, within the spirit of Trotskyist ideology, predicted the collapse of the international locations of the semi-periphery. In line with him, the elites must be built-in into the Western system (a typical instance is the Russian oligarch, in addition to the monetary magnates in India and partly in China). And the plenty oppressed and ruined by these elites are compelled to merge into the worldwide proletariat, that’s, to merge with the periphery. World integration on this idea is the principle driver of this stratification between the semi-periphery of the colonial elite looking for to grow to be the core (that’s, to hitch the West) and the worldwide underclass, the place labor migrants assimilate and blend with the impoverished native inhabitants.
The opposite definition of the BRIC international locations is “Second World”. And once more, the wealthy West is taken into account the “First World”, and the hopelessly backward international locations are the “Third World”. The “Second World” is positioned between them – they reside a lot better there in comparison with the “Third World”, however they’re considerably behind the “First”.
The BRIC international locations confirmed indicators of self-awareness and in 2006, on the initiative of the President of Russia Vladimir Putin, they determined to kind one thing like a membership of the international locations of the “Second World” or the “semi-periphery”.
It turned out that the muse of BRIC was composed of 4 civilizations: Brazil, representing the distinctive Latin American civilization, Russia-Eurasia (nonetheless, Slavophiles and Eurasians perceive Russia exactly as an impartial civilization – a world-state), India and China, whose civilizational id and antiquity by no means raised any questions.
Thus it was found that the international locations of the semi-periphery, or the Second World, don’t merely characterize a sure degree of financial growth or a stage on the trail of modernization on a Western mannequin, but in addition historic and utterly authentic civilizations. Thus, within the creation of BRIC as a multipolar membership, many noticed a affirmation of the rightness of Samuel Huntington, who predicted a future return to civilizations and a multipolar system that will change the bipolar distribution of the world as a substitute of the unipolar world proclaimed by liberals (“The Finish of Historical past” by Francis Fukuyama – Huntington’s fundamental opponent).
The unification precept of BRIC is exactly the positioning past the restrict of the zone of dominant affect of the Western hegemony. Every of the country-civilizations has its personal primary justifications for its personal sovereignty: China – financial system, monetary system and demography. India – dwelling of financial system, demography and excessive expertise. Russia – sources, nuclear weapons and a political historical past of stubbornly asserting sovereignty within the face of the West. Brazil – Economic system, Trade and Demography.
BRIC was initially very cautious and peaceable, however introduced itself as an alternative choice to unipolarity, rejecting the strict hegemony of the collective West (NATO and different strictly unipolar organizations dominated by the US). If Western civilization is asserted to be the one one, and that is the essence of globalism and unipolarity, then the BRIC international locations characterize sovereign and impartial civilizations, totally different from the West, having an extended historical past and a very authentic system of conventional values. And the multipolar membership is decided to uphold this place sooner or later.
Furthermore, every BRIC nation is greater than only a nation. Brazil – the biggest nation in South America – represents all the Latin American continent. Russia, China, and India alone are giant sufficient to be thought-about civilizations. However they characterize greater than nation states. Russia is the vanguard of Eurasia, of the Eurasian “nice house”. China is answerable for a big space of its contiguous states in Indochina. The “One Belt, One Street” undertaking outlines exactly the increasing zone of affect of the Chinese language pole. India can be spreading its affect past its borders – at a minimal over Bangladesh and Nepal.
When South Africa (C on the finish) joined the BRIC international locations in 2011, this continent was symbolically represented as the biggest African nation.
However a very powerful occasion in BRICS historical past is occurring on the XV Summit between 22 and 24 August 2023 in Johannesburg. Right here, the historic determination was made to confess six extra international locations to the group – Argentina, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Every of those international locations, having joined the multipolar membership, brings with them one thing a lot higher than simply one other software for participation in worldwide associations, that are ample even with out BRICS.
In precept, it was the entry of 4 Islamic international locations – Shia Iran and Sunni Saudi Arabia, UAE and Egypt. Iran is the Shiite pole. Saudi Arabia and the UAE – international locations on the Arabian Peninsula that maintain the holy locations of Islam and are a tuning fork of Sunnism, in addition to necessary useful resource and monetary hubs. Egypt is an impartial and influential Mediterranean state with appreciable energy and political potential. That is how the direct participation within the multipolar world of all the Islamic civilization, represented by its two branches – Sunnism and Shiism – is secured.
As well as, together with Portuguese-speaking Brazil, Spanish-speaking Argentina – one other sturdy and impartial Latin American nation – joined the BRICS. Already in the midst of the twentieth century, the theorists of the unification of South America in a consolidated giant house – above all, the Argentine Basic Juan Peron and the Brazilian President Jetiliu Vargas thought-about the rapprochement of Brazil and Argentina to be a decisive chord of this course of. If that is achieved, the method of integration of the Latin American ecumen (in line with A. Buell) might be irreversible. That is precisely what is occurring at present within the context of the accession of the 2 fundamental international locations of South America to the multipolar membership. It’s no accident that the globalists accepted with such fury the very entry of Argentina into BRICS, mobilizing their company of affect in Argentine politics to stop this from occurring.
Ethiopia’s admission can be largely symbolic. It’s the solely African nation that has remained impartial all through the colonial period, asserting its sovereignty, its independence and its distinctive tradition (Ethiopians are essentially the most historic Christian folks). Along with South Africa, Ethiopia strengthens the presence of the African continent within the multipolar membership.
Actually, within the new composition of BRICS, we get a whole mannequin of unification of all poles – civilizations, giant areas which can be on the planet. Aside from the West, which continues to be determined to keep up its hegemony and unipolar order. However now earlier than him will not be disunited international locations stuffed with inside and exterior contradictions, however the united power of nearly all of humanity, which is decided to construct a multipolar world.
This multipolar world consists of the next civilizations:
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The West (US + EU and their vassals, which embrace, alas, the as soon as proud and self-sufficient Japan);
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China (+Taiwan) with the satellites;
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Russia (as an integrator of all the Eurasian house);
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India and its sphere of affect;
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Latin America (core Brazil + Argentina);
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Africa (South Africa + Ethiopia and Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and many others. rising from or clearly gravitating in direction of French colonial affect);
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Islamic world (in each variations – Shia Iran, Sunni Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Egypt).
So we’ve got the construction of a heptapolar world consisting of seven full-fledged civilizations, a few of which have already been totally realized (the West, China, Russia, India) and others (the Islamic world, Africa, Latin America) are on the way in which.
On the identical time, within the context of a heptapolar world, a type of emergent heptarchy, one civilization – the Western one – claims hegemony, and 6 others deny it this proper, accepting solely a multipolar order and recognizing the West solely as one of many civilizations together with others.
So the rightness of Samuel Huntington, who noticed the longer term within the return of civilizations, was confirmed in apply, whereas the fallacy of the thesis of Fukuyama, who believed that the worldwide hegemony of the liberal West (the tip of historical past) had already been achieved, turned apparent. Due to this fact, Fukuyama stays solely doomed to lecture the Ukrainian neo-Nazis, the final hope of the globalists to cease the advance of multipolarity, which Russia in Ukraine is definitely combating for at present.
August 2023 might be thought-about the birthday of the multipolar (and extra exactly heptapolar) world.
The heptarchy is famous. It’s time to take a better take a look at how the poles of civilization themselves interpret the state of affairs wherein they discover themselves.
Translation: V. Sergeev
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