Alaskapox: A Rare Orthopoxvirus Emerges in Alaska
Alaskapox, an orthopoxvirus comparable to smallpox, cowpox, and mpox (initially known as “monkeypox”), has recently grabbed attention in the state of Alaska, United States. In this article, we explore the key facts and updates regarding this unique viral infection.
The Alaskapox Cases: Limited Occurrence and Symptoms
Since the first reported case in 2015, the occurrence of Alaskapox in humans has remained extremely rare, with only seven documented cases so far. Patients affected by this virus typically experience one or more skin lesions resembling spider or insect bites. Additional symptoms include swollen lymph nodes and joint or muscle pain, which usually subside within a few weeks. Until the unfortunate incident in January, all preceding cases of Alaskapox were mild and did not require hospitalization.
Transmission of Alaskapox: Animal to Human Connection
Researchers are currently exploring the zoonotic nature of Alaskapox, suggesting potential transmission from animals to humans. Health authorities in Alaska reported an upward trend of Alaskapox cases in 2020 and 2021, primarily linked to red-backed voles and shrews in the Fairbanks North Star Borough. It is still unclear how exactly the virus made the jump from animals to humans, but possibilities include transmission via infected pets that had contact with the voles or shrews, potentially leading to the demise of the patient who passed away from Alaskapox.
The Alaskapox Death: Unfortunate Incident and Risk Factors
In Alaska, the only known death caused by Alaskapox occurred in an elderly man residing on the remote Kenai Peninsula, far from the Fairbanks area where the other six cases emerged. This indicates a possible spread of the virus to animals beyond the initial affected region. The deceased individual had been undergoing cancer treatment that involved the use of immunosuppressant drugs, making him immunocompromised and vulnerable to severe illness. Treatment records outline a progression of symptoms starting from a red papule in the armpit, leading to hospitalization due to fatigue, pain, reduced mobility in the right arm, and the subsequent identification of multiple lesions across his body. Regrettably, the patient experienced delayed wound healing, malnutrition, acute renal failure, and respiratory failure before succumbing to the virus in January 2024.
Signs and Precautions: Alaskapox and You
If you suspect that you may have contracted Alaskapox, it is crucial to seek medical attention. Furthermore, to avoid potential transmission, it is advised to refrain from touching any skin lesions and ensure they are covered with a bandage.
Although direct human-to-human transmission has not been observed, caution is necessary as other orthopoxviruses can spread through direct contact with skin lesions. To minimize the risk, individuals with skin lesions potentially caused by Alaskapox should follow proper hygiene practices and avoid sharing cloth items that may have been exposed to the lesions. Additionally, it is recommended to launder clothing and linens separately from other household items.
Stay informed and vigilant, and contact a healthcare professional if you suspect Alaskapox.
